Protein-protein binding

In a real biological system, DNA is mostly surrounded by many proteins. Protein binding to DNA involves a number of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic contacts between two biopolymers, and induces not only structural deviation from the typical B-form structure, but also electronic perturbation of the -stacked array of base pairs. We tackled the electronic effects of protein binding on the efficiency of hole transport by using a restriction en-... 

Proximity imaging by energy transfer Protein-protein binding Protein-membrane association... 

Steady state kinetics and protein-protein binding measurements have also been reported for the interaction of these mutant cytochromes with bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase [120]. The binding of cytochrome c variants to the oxidase occurred with increasing values of Kj in the order He (3 x 10 Mol L ) < Leu = Gly < wild-type < Tyr < Ser (3 x 10 molL ). Steady-state kinetic analysis indicated that the rate of electron transfer with cytochrome c oxidase increased in the order Ser < He < Gly < Leu < Tyr < wild-type, an order notably different from that observed for a related analysis of the oxidation of these mutants by cytochrome c peroxidase [85]. This difference in order of mutant turnover by the oxidase and peroxidase may arise from differences in the mode of interaction of the cytochrome with these two enzymes. 

Development of small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein binding interactions has been notoriously difficult. The tremendous investment that the pharmaceutical industry has made in the development and marketing of whole protein... 

IGF-binding proteins. Protein binding of IGF-1 serves to increase its half-life. Thorne et al. [109] demonstrated that in rats, nasally administered IGF-1 was rapidly transported into the brain. IGF-1 uptake into the brain appeared to follow two routes, through olfactory nerve tracts and through trigeminal associated extracellular pathways. The net effect of nasal IGF-1 administration in rats was to rapidly elicit biological effects at several sites in the brain. 

X is known, information about binding location. This can be exploited to direct the screen to a particular site on a protein. This location is typically the active site, but the method can also be used to investigate allosteric sites or protein-protein binding interfaces. In the following, we will describe various practical approaches to covalent capture and provide examples of their application in studying protein-ligand interactions and drug discovery. 

This gives the following estimate for the protein-protein binding energy in an assembly,... 

Most protein-protein binding energies are related only to a group of a few amino acids at intermolecular protein interfaces the hot spots. The characterization of the energetics of molecular complexes, especially the detection of these hot spots is essential to structure-based drug design. 

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