Proteins chemical sensors

Microelectronic circuits for communications. Controlled permeability films for drug delivery systems. Protein-specific sensors for the monitoring of biochemical processes. Catalysts for the production of fuels and chemicals. Optical coatings for window glass. Electrodes for batteries and fuel cells. Corrosion-resistant coatings for the protection of metals and ceramics. Surface active agents, or surfactants, for use in tertiary oil recovery and the production of polymers, paper, textiles, agricultural chemicals, and cement. 

Wolfbeis OS, Reisfeld R, Oehme 1 (1995) Sol-Gels and Chemical Sensors. 85 51-98 Wong L-L, Westlake ACG, Nickerson DP (1997) Protein Engineering of Cytochrome P450,am. 88 175-208... 

Another distinction should be made (independently of the fluorescence aspects) between chemical sensors (also called chemosensors) and biosensors. In the former, the analyte-responsive moiety is of abiotic origin, whereas it is a biological macromolecule (e.g. protein) in the latter. 

S. Zhao and W. M. Reichert, Protein adsorption using an evanescent chemical sensor with a fused optical fiber coupler, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 140, 294-297 (1990). 

Unlike antibodies, which are fragile proteins that must be refrigerated for storage, aptamers are stable organic molecules with a long shelf life at room temperature. Aptamers have tremendous potential for use in highly specific chemical sensors. 

Given the challenges that are associated with creating BPs that can deliver active proteins and/or diversified xerogel-based sensor platforms for chemical sensor applications, we have developed automated systems that can rapidly prepare large numbers of BP or xerogel-based materials and rapidly obtain fluorescence-based spectroscopic information from these formulations. Ultimately, these laboratory... 

Ultrathin Electrochemical Chemo- and Biosensors Technology and Performance Series Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, Vol. 2 Mirsky, Vladimir M. (Ed.) 2004 ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEINS Towards Electrochemical Sensors for Genomics and Proteomics, Edited By E. Palecek, F. Scheller, J. Wang. ... 

Biophotonics Optical biosensor Optical chemical sensor Label free Refractive index Sensing principles Protein DNA Vims Bacterium... 

Myriad metalloproteins bind iron-protoporphyrin IX, known as heme (Fig. 15). Heme protein properties are determined by a variety of factors within the inner coordination sphere and without. These include chemical modifications to the porphyrin macrocycle, different axial ligation, perturbations to conformation, and protein dynamics surrounding the cofactor. Because of the extensive proliferation of heme proteins, we will limit ourselves to a small subset. These will include the cytochromes c, myoglobins, heme oxygenases and peroxidases, and a heme-based chemical sensor. 

Fluorescent probes have been extremely useful in elucidating biochemical mechanisms and processes inside of living cells via fluorescent microscopy. This technique is particularly valuable because it is non-destructive and the probes can be observed in real time over the course of cellular events. Fluorescent probes fall into two main classes chemosensors and biosensors. Biosensors are fluorescently labelled proteins, most often antibodies. These types of probes have the disadvantage of poor cell permeability, but can be generated with specificity for any macromolecule against which an antibody can be raised. Chemical sensors are typically based on synthetic compounds and have been used in cells mainly to quantify the concentration of certain... 

Even larger probes of bent and kinked DNA are 40 A photoluminescent mineral colloidal particles of CdS [247-253]. These nanoparticles are approximately the size of proteins and can be made in a variety of sizes ( 20-100 A) and decorated with a variety of surface groups [267-279]. The emission spectrum of a nanoparticle solution depends on particle size and surface group synthetic procedures for CdS and other semiconductor nanoparticles have been developed so that the emission can be tuned throughout the visible spectrum and into the near infrared [267-279]. Moreover, the photoluminescence of CdS is sensitive to adsorbates [280-289], and thus these nanomaterials can function as luminescent chemical sensors. 

As an example for multivariate modeling, we consider the simultaneous determination of several components in low-selective analytical systems (multicomponent analysis). These components can be elements, compounds, or chemical/physical properties. By means of multicomponent analysis, constituents of pharmaceutical formulations can be determined in the UV range, the water and protein content of cereal can be estimated from NIR spectra or chemical elements, and technological parameters of coal are predictable on the basis of infrared (IR) spectra. The limited selectivity of chemical sensors can also be overcome by applying the principles of multicomponent analysis. 

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