Protein Micro array

V. Afanassiev, V. Hanemann, and S. Wolfl, Preparation of DNA and protein micro arrays on glass slides coated with an agarose film. Nucl. Acids Res. 28, E66 (2000). 

Lyotropic lamellar (La) liquid crystals (LC), in a form of vesicle or planar membrane, are important for membrane research to elucidate both functional and structural aspects of membrane proteins. Membrane proteins so far investigated are receptors, substrate carriers, energy-transducting proteins, channels, and ion-motivated ATPases [1-11], The L liquid crystals have also been proved useful in the two-dimensional crystallization of membrane proteins[12, 13], in the fabrication of protein micro-arrays[14], and biomolecular devices[15]. Usefulness of an inverted cubic LC in the three-dimensional crystallization of membrane proteins has also been recognized[16]. 

Nam MJ, Madoz-Gurpide J, Wang H, et al. (2003) Molecular profiling of the immune response in colon cancer using protein micro-arrays occurrence of autoantibodies to ubiq-uitin C-terminal hydrolase L3. Proteomics 3, 2108-15. 

Liotta LA, Espina V, Mehta Al, et al. Protein micro-arrays meeting analytical challenges for clinical applications. Cancer Cell 2003 3 317-25. 

Protein micro-arrays equipped with specific capture molecules such as antibodies, fragments thereof, peptides, or other bait molecules have been developed in recent years [37, 38]. Here, the challenges lay not only in the generation of libraries of cap-... 

Peluso P, Wilson DS, Do D, Tran H, Venkatasubbaiah M, Quincy D, Heidecker, B, Poindexter K, Tolani N, Phelan M, Witte K, Jung LS, Wagner P, Nock S. 2003. Optimizing antibody immobilization strategies for the construction of protein micro arrays. Anal Biochem 312 113 124. 

Building up expertise in this field, EMBL with its data library is well positioned to play an important European role in estabfishing a reference DNA array and SAGE database. In the future, the micro-array technology will be developed also for proteins, applying miniaturization, nanotechnology, micro-fabricated devices and reaction chambers. 

Related mRNAs encoding various proteins can be detected by different types of in situ hybridization. For this method, the number of specific mRNAs detectable per tumor sample is limited. However, the advantage of in situ hybridization is the same as in immunohistochemistry where the morphology of the tumor is still visible. Specific mRNA-species can be detected by northern blot, nuclease protection assay or reverse transcription (RT) combined with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using the modern real-time PCR protocols, reliable quantification of PCR targets is possible. A more complex approach is possible by using the micro-array technology, where hundreds or even more of mRNAs can be detected simultaneously in a semi-quantitative fashion. 

Protein Binding Micro arrays for the Characterization of DNA-Protein Interactions... 

It is important to keep in mind the nature of the protein under examination if a TF is being examined, then one needs to be sure to use dsDNA microarrays. Bulyk and colleagues have implemented PBMs on two different microarray platforms robotically printed microarrays, and in situ synthesized ohgonu-cleotide micro arrays. Each of these two different platforms has its own imique advantages and disadvantages that include both technical and community accessibility issues, as discussed below. 

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