Protein freezing-induced alterations

The possibility of interface effects has been specifically noted in a study involving freezing of lipoamide dehydrogenase (115). This possibility was also mentioned in a study of conalbumin and transferrin, referred to earlier (81). An interface mechanism also may be operative with regard to freezing-induced alterations of phycoerythrin (116), lactic dehydrogenase (117), catalase (118), and other proteins, some of which were referred to earlier (22). Finally, it may be noted that interface effects, especially the transient distribution of solutes, may underlie some of the anomalous kinetics that have been described for certain reactions in the "frozen state (119). 

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