Protein extraction studies design

Since most of the studies concerning protein extraction with reverse micelles have used a representative surfactant, AOT and trioctyl methyl ammonium chloride (TOMAC), to form reverse micelles, the protein extraction studies using a novel surfactant shed light on the important factors in the design of reverse micelles suitable for protein extraction. In particular, a comparative investigation concerning protein extraction efficiency with a variety of synthetic surfactants clarified the role of the hydrophobic tails of the surfactant on protein extraction [9]. 

Similar to the human studies, the animal studies are not entirely consistent, due to the different study designs (source and dose of soy protein/isoflavones time, method and length of administration age of rats, etc.). Nevertheless, a certain number of conclusions may be drawn. Overall, soy extracts or pure isoflavones show an osteoprotective effect in the ovariectomized rat model of menopausal bone loss. The time of administration is important and they must be given at the time of ovariectomy which allows prevention but not reversal of bone loss. Although the OVX-induced bone loss in the rat is a... 

Novel aspects of protein extraction with reversed-micelles include both fundamental studies and process design studies/approaches. Fundamental studies are essential in order to design a reversed-micelles based extraction process in a rational manner. Such theoretical programs have been initiated and are providing a better understanding of the partitioning and transport phenomena in such systems (31). In this book, Jolivalt tal. (32) review the modeling aspects and the applications of reversed micelles for protein separations. 

Most of the early work on this subject was done by extracting actomyosin from fish fillets following frozen storage and thawing. On the other hand, many studies designed to determine the mechanisms of denaturation have involved frozen solutions or suspensions of isolated protein preparations. 

There are a number of various commercial products designed for DNA/ RNA extraction, but their use may lead to variable results. Based on the evidence that formalin-induced modification of protein is similar to that of nucleic acid modification by formalin (Fig. 3.1),15-19 our research group at the University of Southern California has conducted a serial study of AR based heating protocols for DNA/RNA extraction from FFPE tissues following our experience of the AR principle as applied to IHC on tissue sections heating under the influence of pH.19-21... 

This text covers the design and execution of enzyme assays. Chapters I. 9. and 11 ( Principles of enzyme assay and kinetic studies, Techniques of enzyme extraction," and Buffers and the determination of protein concentration," respectively) are particularly relevant to this unit. 

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