Protein engineering screening methods

Addition of auxiliary agents, e.g., surfactants, proteins, solvents to avoid lignin adsorption Improved enzyme properties via protein engineering and screening methods... 

Once mutant proteins are produced, either rationally or combinatoriaUy, the new proteins need to be characterized in order to determine the full effects of the underlying mutations. It has been repeatedly shown that improvements in one trait can come at the cost of another trait. This can be especially true in combinatorial methods, where you get what you screen for. Once the effects of the mutations are understood, the process is repeated in order to produce further improvements in the protein of interest. In some cases, it may also be useful to combine the methods or protein engineering. For example, combinatorial methods may suggest an area in the protein that should be further investigated using site-directed mutagenesis. 

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