Intrapulmonary Veins

Ignarro, L. j., Harbison, R. G., Wood, K. S., and Kadowitz, P. J. (1986b). Activation of purified soluble guanylate cyclase by endothelium-derived relaxing factor from intrapulmonary artery and vein Stimulation by acetylcholine, hradykinin and arachidonic acid.). Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 237, 893-900. 

Ignarro LJ, Byrns RE, Wood KS (1987) Endothelium-dependent modulation of cGMP levels and intrinsic smooth muscle tone in isolated bovine intrapulmonary artery and vein. Circ Res 60 82-92... 

Exposure to 480 mg for 60 min caused mortalities in rats (10% males, 5% females) and hamsters (males 34%, females 25%). Lungs of rats that died had congestion of alveolar capillaries and intrapulmonary veins, intra-alveolar hemorrhages, and patchy pulmonary edema. A few rats showed centrilobular or midzonal hepatic necrosis, and kidneys had extensive tubular necrosis, mainly medullary. Hamsters that died within 48 h had pulmonary congestion, intra-alveolar hemorrhages, and pulmonary edema. Kidneys showed corti-comedullary necrosis. Hamsters dying after 48 h showed minimal pulmonary lesions, but renal tubular necrosis was present. 

Animals that died after the repeated exposures had moderate to marked congestion of the alveolar capillaries and intrapulmonary veins, and multiple variable sized areas of haemorrhage, both inter- and intra-alveolar a few animals had moderate pulmonary oedema (Ballantyne and Callaway, 1972). 

McNamara, D.B., Roulet, M.J., Gruetter, C.A., Hyman, A.L and Kodowitz, P.J. (1980). Correlation of prostaglandin-induced mitochondrial calcium release with contraction in bovine intrapulmonary vein. Prostaglandins, 20, 311-320... 

Animals exposed to high concentrations of CN that resulted in mortality at 48 h showed evidence of tracheal congestion and pulmonary edema (Ballantyne and Swanston (1978). Histopathology revealed congestion of alveolar capillaries and intrapulmonary veins, inter- and intra-alveolar hemorrhages, and excessive secretions in the bronchioles. CN was reported to produce degeneration in the epithelium of the bronchiole and alveolar septal-wall thickening and the presence of an increased number of mononuclear cells in rats (Kimiar et al., 1995). Necrosis of the liver, kidney, small intestine, and spleen were also observed. 

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