Propyne, heterocyclization

Ethyleneimine reacts with (p-tolylsulfonyl)acetylene to give only the (Z)-product 115 via trans addition (equation 91), while primary and secondary aliphatic amines afford ( )-products76. With nonterminal acetylenes such as l-(ethylsulfonyl)-l-propyne, the reactions of ethyleneimine, n-propylamine and f-butylamine give mixtures of ( )- and (Z)-adducts. The double conjugate addition of sodium sulfide, selenide and telluride to bis(l-propynyl)sulfone (116) produces heterocycles (117) as illustrated in equation 9277. 

Trofimov has extended his previously reported heterocyclization of ketoximes 39 with acetylene to propyne or its isomer allene in superbase systems (MOR/DMSO M = K, Cs, R = H, t-Bu) to afford a facile synthesis of substituted pyrroles 40 and 41 . Due to a fast propyne to allene protropic isomerization under the reaction conditions, the product is the same regardless of which species is employed. 

The importance of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (1,3-DC) in the realm of heterocyclic synthesis is widely documented and recent results concerning the intramolecular version of this methodology, including reactions with nitrile oxides and nitrones for access to isoxazole derivatives, have been reviewed <07T12247>. A quantum chemical study of the Lewis acid effect on the cycloaddition of benzonitrile oxide to propyne has been reported evidencing a small influence on the outcome of the reaction <07T5251>. 

Heterocyclic-2-propyne-l-amine derivatives have been prepared from propargylamine using the Gabriel synthesis (2,3) as illustrated in Eq. 2 ... 

Heterocyclization of ketoximes with propyne or allene in superbase MOR-DMSO, leading to 2-alkyl(aryl, hetaryl)-5-methyl- 53 and 2,3-dialkyl-4-methylpyrroles 54 in yields of up to 63%, was accomplished (Equation (15)) (00S1585). 

In another group of (2 + 2)-cycloaddition reactions, the heterocyclic nucleus reacts via an electron-deficient carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen double bond with electron-rich aminoacetylenes (ynamines). For instance, thiete 1,1-dioxides, JV-benzylmaleimide, and 2,3-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-7-oxabicyclo( 2.2.1 lhepta-2,5-diene reacted with 1-diethylamino-l-propyne and with 1 -phenyl-2-( 1 -pyrrolidinyl)-acetylene to give the (2 + 2)-cycloadducts 48, 49, and 50, respec-tively.35,37,53 The latter product was thermally rather unstable, and its structure was identified on the basis of its conversion with 2,4,6-tri-methylbenzonitrile oxide into 51.53 (2 + 2)-Cycloaddition via a carbon-nitrogen double bond has been reported to take place in the reactions of 3,3-dimethyl-3//-indoles and 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline with ynamines, e.g., l-dimethylamino-2-phenylacetylene, in the presence of boron trifluoride.54 The (2 + 2)-cycloadducts 52 and 53 were not isolated, but... 

Lustre additives (aromatic and heterocyclic aldehydes vanillin, anisealdehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamalde-hyde, polyvinyl alcohol, 2-butyne-i,4 diol, 2-propyne-i-ol) (Neverland 1976)... 

The syntheses of other diene derivatives have also been reported, ineluding (i) the reduetion of the bis(arene) [Os rf -G6H6)(77 -[22]-l,4-cyclophane)][BF4]2 with Red-Al (Red-Al = sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)dihydroaluminate) whieh produces [Os( 7 -G6H8)(77 -[22]-l,4-cyclophane)] in good yield," " and (ii) the formation of r/" -coordinated isoquinoline heterocycles by reaction of the G,A-cycloruthenated compounds 352 with 3-hexyne and 3-phenyl-2-propyne in methanol (Equation (36)). " Two regioisomers, 353a and 353b, are obtained in the case of the unsymmetrieal alkyne PhG=GMe. 

Minfiensine, a secoiridoid indole alkaloid, was isolated from the African plant Strychnos minfiensis by Massiot and co-workers in 1989. The unique structure feature of the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9a,4a-(iminoethano)-9//-carbazole has received much attention for the synthetic efforts and has culminated in several elegant total syntheses. For example. Overman et al. reported on the first and second total synthesis of (-l-)-minfiensine. " In addition, Qin et al. revealed a synthesis of ( )-minfiensine in 2008. Recently, MacMillan and co-workers reported on a nine-step enantiose-lective total synthesis of (-l-)-minfiensine via the key step reaction of organocatalytic Diels-Alder cyclization and amine heterocyclization cascade (Scheme 21.32). For the key step reaction in their approach, reaction of 2-vinylindole 139 and 3 equivalents of propynal in the presence of secondary amine catalyst 140 followed by the addition of NaBH4, stereoselective afforded the tricyclic alcohol 142 via a iminium activated endo-selectiye Diels-Alder cycloaddition and a 5-exo amine heterocy cliz ation. 

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