Propylene Glycol tert-Butyl Ether

C10H20N204 hexanedioic acid, compound with piperazine ( 142-88-1 25.00 1.0983 2 21370 C10H22O3 di(propylene glycol) tert-butyl ether, isome 132739-31-2 -53.15 1.1912 2... 

Table 11.49 Propylene Glycol tert-Butyl Ether (13)...

C7H1602 propylene glycol 2-tert-butyl ether 94023-15-1 -58.15 1.0999 2 12577 C8H4N2 1,2-dicyanobenzene 91-15-6 25.00 1.2400 1... 

The 50 largest-volume chemicals contain many derived from fossil carbon sources. Their 1995 volumes in billions of pounds produced in the United States4 are ethylene (46.97), ammonia (35.60), propylene (25.69), methyl tert-butyl ether (17.62), ethylene dichloride (17.26), nitric acid (17.24), ammonium nitrate (15.99), benzene (15.97), urea (15.59), vinyl chloride (14.98), ethylbenzene (13.66), styrene (11.39), methanol (11.29), carbon dioxide (10.89), xylene (9.37), formaldehyde (8.11), terephthalic acid (7.95), ethylene oxide (7.62), toluene (6.73), p-xylene (6.34), cumene (5.63), ethylene glycol (5.23), acetic acid... 

Other important aliphatic ethers include ethylene and propylene glycol ether that form from the respective epoxide hy water addition (see Section 6.12 for details) and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) that is obtained from condensation of methanol and isobutanol or by addition of methanol to isobutene. 

Compared to EO, propylene oxide (PO) is less reactive and less hazardous. PO is mainly used for the production of polyether, polyols, polyurethane, glycols, and ethers. Direct oxidation of propylene with air or pure oxygen is not efficient, and PO is produced either by the chlorohydrin process (46% share) or by indirect oxidation. Indirect oxidation of propylene proceeds in two steps. The first step is the formation of a peroxide from iso-butane or ethylbenzene by oxidation with air/oxy-gen (peroxides tert-butyl hydroperoxide and ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, respectively). The second step is the catalytic epoxidation of propylene to propylene oxide by oxygen transfer from the peroxide. In future, oxidation processes based on H2O2 will probably also play an important role. In 2008, the first commercial plant of this kind went on stream. 

Epoxy base accelerator (l,2-Epoxy-3-bromopropane) see Epibromohydrin 1,2-Epoxybutane (1,2-Butylene oxide) (1,2-Epoxypropane) see 1,2-Propylene oxide Epoxytrichloropropane (Trichloroepoxypropane) (ETBE) see tert-Butyl ethyl ether (Ethanal) see Acetaldehyde (Ethanediol) see Ethylene glycol (Ethanethiol) see Ethyl mercaptan Ethanol (Ethyl alcohol)... 

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