Propyl decomposition

Propyl Radicals n-CsHi —> CHt + CJli. The models for n-propyl decomposition are given in Appendix III. eA was set at 3.1 as opposed to 1.6 kcal. for isopropyl formation. Values of kt are presented in Figure 12. Table XX summarizes some calculated values for various activation systems. H atom rupture is seen to be orders of magnitude slower than C—C bond rupture. Again, comparison may best be made with the results from chemical activation studies at 25°C. The observed values were ka0 = 8 X I07 and /bO0O = 18 X I07 sec.-1. The data fluctuated... 

Propyl decomposition and the above two processes (reaction (25) and (26)) should increase the (C3 = )-to-(C2 =) ratio at rising temperature. However, experimental data indicate (see, e.g., Leveies, 2002) that, as a rule, the ethylene fraction in sum of C3 = and C2 = olefins increases. 

Low boiling isocyanates, such as methyl isocyanate [624-83-9] are difficult to prepare via conventional phosgenation due to the fact that the A/-alkyl carbamoyl chlorides are volatile below their decomposition poiat. Interestingly, A/-ethyl carbamoyl chloride decomposes at its boiling poiat whereas the A/-propyl carbamoyl chloride is thermoly2ed cleanly into isocyanate and hydrogen chloride. 

Other by-products include acetone, carbonaceous material, and polymers of propylene. Minor contaminants arise from impurities in the feed. Ethylene and butylenes can form traces of ethyl alcohol and 2-butanol. Small amounts of / -propyl alcohol carried through into the refined isopropyl alcohol can originate from cyclopropane [75-19-4] in the propylene feed. Acetone, an oxidation product, also forms from thermal decomposition of the intermediate sulfate esters, eg. 

Kinetic stability of lithium and the lithiated carbons results from film formation which yields protective layers on lithium or on the surfaces of carbonaceous materials, able to conduct lithium ions and to prevent the electrolyte from continuously being reduced film formation at the Li/PC interphase by the reductive decomposition of PC or EC/DMC yielding alkyl-carbonates passivates lithium, in contrast to the situation with DEC where lithium is dissolved to form lithium ethylcarbonate [149]. EMC is superior to DMC as a single solvent, due to better surface film properties at the carbon electrode [151]. However, the quality of films can be increased further by using the mixed solvent EMC/EC, in contrast to the recently proposed solvent methyl propyl carbonate (MPC) which may be used as a single sol-... 

CA, not found 7) J. Smid M. Szwarc, Kinetics of Decomposition of Iso-Butyryl Peroxide and Reactions of Iso-Propyl Radicals , Syracuse Univ, NY, contract DA-30-115-ORD-678 (1958) 8) H.T. Lee et al, Evaluation of... 

If reaction 49 is responsible for the high decomposition yield of ASCO, it can be understood why it does not occur for PSCO, since the C—H bond strength in the allyl compound is weaker than in the propyl derivative due to the resonance stabilization of the radical60. However, the yield of alanine was found to be 1.97 in the case of radiolysis of PCSO and almost zero for ACSO. Thus reaction 49 does not occur for the case of ACSO. Since only the yields of cysteine (0.98 for ACSO and 0 for PCSO) are given, no explanation can be proposed for the high decomposition yield of ACSO. 

Analysis of reaction mixtures for 1-propanol and 2-propanol following incubation of NDPA with various rat liver fractions in the presence of an NADPH-generating system is shown in Table I ( ). Presence of microsomes leads to production of both alcohols, but there was no propanol formed with either the soluble enzyme fraction or with microsomes incubated with SKF-525A (an inhibitor of cytochrome P450-dependent oxidations). The combined yield of propanols from 280 ymoles of NDPA was 6.1 ymoles and 28.5 ymoles for the microsomal pellet and the 9000 g supernatant respectively. The difference in the ratio of 1- to 2-propanol in the two rat liver fractions may be due to differences in the chemical composition of the reaction mixtures (2) Subsequent experiments have shown that these ratios are quite reproducible. For comparison, Table I also shows formation of propanols following base catalyzed decomposition of N-propyl-N-nitrosourea. As expected (10,11), both propanol isomers were formed, the total yield in this case being almost quantitative. 

Preparative photolysis of AETSAPPE (0.25 M aqueous solution) at 254 nm (Rayonet reactor) resulted in the formation of the disulfide product 2-amino(2-hydroxy-3-(phenyl ether) propyl) ether disulfide (AHPEPED) as the primary photoproduct Photolysis of AETSAPPE at 254 nm (isolated line of medium pressure mercury lamp) resulted in rapid initial loss of starting material accompanied by formation (analyzed by HPLC) of AHPEPED (Figure 12a and 12b) (Scheme IV). Similar results were obtained for photolysis- at 280 nm. Quantum yields for disappearance of AETSAPPE and formation of AHPEPED at 254 nm and 280 nm are given in Table I. The photolytic decomposition of AETSAPPE in water was also accomplished by sensitization ( x =366 nm) with (4-benzoylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride (BTC), a water soluble benzophenone type triplet sensitizer. The quantum yield for the sensitized disappearance (Table I) is comparable to the results for direct photolysis (unfortunately, due to experimental complications we did not measure the quantum yield for AHPEPED formation). These results indicate that direct photolysis of AETSAPPE probably proceeds from a triplet state. 

Methyl, ethyl and propyl perchlorates, readily formed from the alcohol and anhydrous perchloric acid, are highly explosive oils, sensitive to shock, heat and friction [1], Many of the explosions which have occurred on contact of hydrox-ylic compounds with cone, perchloric acid or anhydrous metal perchlorates are attributable to the formation and decomposition of perchlorate esters [2,3,4], Safe procedures for preparation of solutions of 14 sec-alkyl perchlorates are described. Heated evaporation of solvent caused explosions in all cases [5], l-Chloro-2-propyl, iram-2-chlorocyclohexyl, l-chloro-2-propyl, 1,6-hexanediyl, hexyl, and 2-propyl perchlorates, prepared by a new method, are all explosive oils [6],... 

Christie RA, Jordan KD (2005) -Body Decomposition Approach to the Calculation of Interaction Energies of Water Clusters 116 27-41 Clot E, Eisenstein O (2004) Agostic Interactions from a Computational Perspective One Name, Many Interpretations 113 1-36 Conley B, Atwood DA (2003) Fluoroaluminate Chemistry 104 181-193 Contreras RR, Su4rez T, Reyes M, Bellandi F, Cancines P, Moreno J, Shahgholi M, Di BUio AJ, Gray HB, Fontal B (2003) Electronic Structures and Reduction Potentials of Cu(II) Complexes of [N,N -Alkyl-bis(ethyl-2-amino-l-cyclopentenecarbothioate)] (Alkyl = Ethyl, Propyl, and Butyl) 106 71-79... 

NHj R = ethyl, propyl, butyl, prop-1-en-1-yl and allyl Garlic and onion -Allium sp. Components that undergo decomposition to yield lachrymators 13... 

The mechanism of the acid-catalyzed decomposition of 1-alkyltriazolines has been studied <93JOC2097>. The hydrolytic decomposition of these triazolines in aqueous buffers leads predominantly to 1-alkylaziridines with lesser amounts of 2-(alkylamino)ethanol, alkylamines, and acetaldehyde. The rate of hydrolysis of 1-alkyltriazolines is about twice as fast as that of the analogous acyclic 1,3,3-trialkyltriazenes and varies in the order t-butyl > isopropyl > ethyl > butyl > methyl > propyl > benzyl <92JOC6448>. The proposed mechanism, involving rate-limiting formation of a 2-(alkylamino)ethyldiazonium ion, is shown in Scheme 65. A theoretical study ab initio calculation) of the acid-induced decomposition of 4,5-dihydro-l,2,3-triazolines has also been reported <91JA7893>. 

---