Proportion factor

The proportion factors related to the reaction constants, together with the geometrical factors of the reaction chamber, can be included in one coefficient G, gi ving... 

Since the proportional factor ahead of is equal to unity or these formulas give almost unity... 

The proportional factor k employed in this simulation is determined from the reported relationship between A L/L and 5 for the doped LaCr03 under uniform atmospheres with various oxygen partial pressures [32],... 

Using references such as the Crane Technical Paper No. 410, other pipe-fitting values can be proportionally factored. For two-phase flow pipe entrance and exit, however, new, more accurate equations are presented in this book, as shown here ... 

The amount of analyte x in a sample is calculated from the isotopic intensities I and I and the amount of labeled component y, determined in a standard mixture with a known concentration of analyte. The factors ft and f2, which represent the signal ratio III (qtlq in the pure labeled product and the inverse ratio I 11 (pJPi) of pure analyte, were determined originally by measuring the isotopic interferences in the labeled product and analyte. Later, a correction of Eq. (8) was proposed (Siekmann, 1982) in which a proportional factor f0 was introduced ... 

Figure 19.16 shows a comparison of the HRR of PA6 and PA6/NC (UBE) at different heat fluxes. As the HRR is proportional to the MLR, the proportional factor being the heat of combustion, the HRR results have similar trends to those in the MLR. Significant reduction of the second peak HRRs was achieved by the nanocomposite. 

Ohm s law — One of the most fundamental laws of electric circuits that linearly relates the - current passing through a system to the - potential across it, with the proportional factor of -> resistance. It has the form I = U/R, where I is the electric current (in amperes), U is the potential difference (in volts), and R is the re-... 

Use the same procedures for each property—enthalpy, specific volume, and entropy—as given in step 2, but change the sign between the lower volume and entropy and the proportional factor (temperature in this instance), because for superheated steam, the volume and entropy increase as the steam temperature increases. Thus,... 

Because the volume of distribution, serving as a proportional factor, relates the plasma concentration to the amount of drug in the body, this term is applied in calculating the size of the dose (mg/kg) required to achieve a desired plasma concentration ... 

Raman spectroscopy is a scattering, not an absorption technique as FTIR. Thus, the ratio method cannot be used to determine the amount of light scattered unless an internal standard method is adopted. The internal standard method requires adding a known amount of a known component to each unknown sample. This known component should be chemically stable, not interact with other components in the sample and also have a unique peak. Plotting the Raman intensity of known component peaks versus known concentration in the sample, the proportional factor of Raman intensity to concentration can be identified as the slope of the plot. For the same experimental conditions, this proportional factor is used to determine the concentration of an unknown component from its unique peak. Determining relative contents of Si and Ge in Si—Ge thin films (Figure 9.38 and Figure 9.39) is an example of quantitative analysis of a Raman spectrum. 

The proportional factors are determined by the heating rate ft) and by the calibration factor (.B). We can eliminate these factors if a DSC curve of a standard sample is recorded under exactly same experimental conditions. Sapphire is commonly used as the standard with known heat capacity. Figure 10.13b illustrates DSC curves with an empty sample holder (pan), with a sample, and with a standard sample recorded on the same chart. The heat capacity of the sample can be calculated with the heat capacity of the standard (Cps) and displacements measured from Figure 10.13b. 

Height calibration (z) Monoatomic steps on the Au(lll) surface and a nanogrid with defined z-height have proven to be good standards for the z-calibration of an STM. In many respects the calibration procedure for the vertical axis (z-axis) is comparable to that for the lateral axes, however, the vertical movements are often much faster (in order to follow the object s topography or more accurately its electronic contour), than in the lateral directions. In order to obtain accurate results, the parameters of the feedback control system (e.g. proportional factor P and integration time constant I), that influence the dynamic behavior of the SPM in z-direction, need to be adjusted... 

The absorption by a dye in solution at any wavelength is directly proportional to the concentration of the dye (Beer s law). The proportional factor is called the extinction coefficient, or e. Deviations from Beer s law point to aggregation phenomena. 

Thus, knowing the proportionally factor, the rate of transmission of photons reaching... 

The adsorption rate of A is directly proportional to the partial pressure of A and to the fraction of free surface sites. This proportional factor is called adsorption constant L. Thus,... 

In the shear flow, the shear stress cr(=/M) works on the shear plane along xz directions, as illustrated in Fig. 7.2. When the shear stress velocity gradient dv/dy, the fluid can be called a. Newtonian fluid, and the proportion factor is defined as shear viscosity rj. The unit of viscosity is thus Pa s or N s/m. In the centimeter-gram-second (CGS) unit system, the unit of viscosity is Poise (P) with 1 Pa s = 10 P. The velocity gradient... 

Here X = L/Lo is the extension ratio of the sample. Note that the corresponding strain is = (L -Lo) /To = A - 1. The proportional factor G is the shear modulus of the sample. Equation (4) describes small deformation uniaxial data on polymer networks quite well. With a fit of experimental stress-strain data for low extensions it is possible to predict crosslink properties because the classical models show that the shear modulus G is proportional to both temperature and crosslink density Vc ... 

When a solid material is subjected to a small stress (i.e., tension, compression, or torsion), the resulting strain is proportional to the applied stress and the proportional factor is called an elastic modulus, and this simple linear relationship between stress and strain is called Hooke s law. 

The polarizability of an atom or a molecule, which describes the response of the electron cloud (i.e., Fermi gas) to an external electric field strength E, is the proportional factor existing between the resulting dipole moment and the electric field strength however, two equations exist in the literature ... 

This new design makes less use of the solar cells surface area and leads to smaller storage capacities (K2). If the corresponding system should have the same power rating as the critical one, the batteries capacity and the surface area must be enlarged proportionally (factor gradient of curve 2 divided by gradient of curve 3). 

In literature the use of the fractional element is sometimes referred to by the term spring-pot, as it behaves between a spring (i9 = 0) and a damper (5=1). It is visualized by a rhombus and defined by the proportional factor p and the fractional... 

The transformer to describe coupling of the electromagnetic induction is replaced by following simple description. Namely, when the terminal voltage of the inductance component L in the TMS coil is Vl, the induced electromotive force is driven to the bioelectric measurement system as shown in the Fig. 1, where is a proportional factor. Furthermore, it is assumed that the coupling influence from the bioelectric measurement system to the TMS equipment is negligible, and TMS affects to the human body only in the oscillation mode. 

The proportional factor, the rate coefficient k, is constant in an ideal diluted solution and characteristic of the reaction system. 

The next step was to determine the proportional factor Q in Eq. 3, and test the chosen form of the basis set correction factor . The C, s were determined from a number of MP2/cc-pVQZ runs selected from a modified experimental... 

D is the proportional factor of the squared velocities of the diffusing particles, which depend on the temperature, viscosity of the fluid and the size of the particles. 

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