Propidium iodide uptake

One of the early events of the apoptotic process involves the translocation of phosphatidylserine on the surface of cell membranes annexin V binding and propidium iodide uptake reveals various cellular states. After treatment with organotin(IV) compounds the cells could be categorized into populations vital cells (annexin V /P ), early apoptotic cells (annexin V /P ), late apoptotic cells (annexin V /P ), and necrotic cells (annexin V /P" ). Cells are observed with a fluorescence microscope and it is possible to observe translocation of phosphatidylserine (PS) from the inner side of the plasma membrane to the outer one and to see a green stain for annexin V FLUOS bound to PS, and a red stain for propidium iodide. 

Check the integrity of the bacterial membrane by measuring the percentage of propidium iodide uptake, by adding propidium iodide to an aliquot of the peptide-treated bacteria and to controls at a final concentration of 10 (xg/mL. 

In orientating toxicity studies palmitoyl-DL-carnitine chloride and lauroyl choline were shown to cause only slight alterations of the mucosal cell structure of jejunum and colon under prolonged exposure when being tested in permeation-enhancing concentrations (LeCluyse et al. 1993 Fix et al. 1996). In another study on Caco-2 monolayers, however, palmitoyl-DL-carnitine chloride caused LDH release, increased uptake of propidium iodide and reduced neutral red retention, in concentrations needed to provide an improved uptake of PEG 4000 (Duizer et al. 1998). 

Key Words Pulsed low electric fields Endocytosis Uptake kinetics Membrane internalization Albumin Lucifer Yellow Propidium iodide Adsorption Flow cytometry Confocal microscopy. 

Fig. 11 (a) SEM image of NanoGSE. (b) Cellular uptake of folic-acid-modified NanoGSE, as shown by fluorescence microscopy after incubation for 2 h (a) KB, (h) A549 and (c, d) KB cells with apoptotic features dually stained using Annexin V and propidium iodide after 24 h of incubation [173]... 

Guise, V. Jaffray, P Delattre, J. Puisieux, E Adolphe, M. Couvreur, P. Comparative cell uptake of propidium iodide associated with liposomes or nanoparticles. Cell. Mol. Biol. 1987, 33, 397-405. 

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