Properties of Quinazoline

The present review describes recent advances in quinazoline chemistry, some of which are but modem applications of earlier methods, whereas others strike out on new, and sometimes surprising, pathways. The structure of the cation of the parent substance, quinazoline, has only recently been made clear, and it has become evident that covalent hydration is a phenomenon widely distributed throughout the quinazoline series. With this fact in mind, it seems better to set forth the newly found properties of quinazolines before proceeding to an account of advances in synthesis. 

Unlike the other diazanaphthalenes (i.e., naphthyridines/ cinno-line, phthalazinc/ and quinoxaline), quinazoline shows abnormal behavior when converted into its cation. This anomaly was first discovered by Albert et who noticed that 4-methylquinazoline was a w eaker base (tenfold) than quinazoline (see Table I). This was 

Ultraviolet spectrum of quiuazoline in water. Solid line, neutral molecule dotted line, cation. 

The hydrochloride of (3) holds water rather tenaciously, and the infrared spectrum indicates that the water is covalently bound. Mild oxidation of the cation (3) gives 4-hydroxyquinazoline in high yield and ring-chain tautomerism is excluded on the grounds that quinazo-line does not give a positive aldehyde test in acid solution, 2-Methyl-quinazoline also has an anomalous cationic spectrum and a high basic strength (see Table I), but 2,4-dimethylquinazoline is normal in both these respects, which supports the view that abnormal cation formation entails attack on an unsubstituted 4-position.  

The stabilizing influence in the hydrated cation is the amidinium resonance. If a solution of the cation is neutralized, a short-lived hydrated neutral molecule (4) (half-life 9 sec at pH 10) is obtained with an ultraviolet spectrum similar to that of the hydrated cation but shifted to longer wavelengths (5 m/ ). Supporting evidence can be derived from the anhydrous nature of the cation of 4-nitroiso-quinoline (pK 1.35), in which the nitro group has a similar electronic influence to that of the ring nitrogen atom N-I in quinazoline and where amidinium resonance is not possible. 

---

Griffin RJ, Srinivasan S, Bowman K et al. Resistance-modifying agents. 5. Synthesis and biolr cal properties of quinazoline inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). J Med Chem 1998 41 5247-5256. 

Tulyaganov NT (1976) Cholinergic properties of quinazoline alkaloids from Peganum harmala. In Sultanov MB (ed) Farmakologiia Rastitelnuikh Veshestv (Pharmacology of plant substances). FAN, Tashkent, pp 101-110 (in Russian)... 

The physical properties of the pyridopyrimidines closely resemble those of their nearest A-heteroeyclie neighbors the quinazolines and the pteridines. Thus, in common with the pteridines, the presence of groups capable of hydrogen-bonding markedly raises the melting point and lowers the solubility. - The acid dissociation constants (pif a values) and ultraviolet absorption spectra of all four parent pyridopyrimidines have been determined by Armarego in a comprehensive study of covalent hydration in these heterocyclic systems. The importance of these techniques in the study of covalent hydration, and... 

In many cases, addition or removal of water proceeds sufficiently slowly that some of the physical properties of unstable species (such as hydrated neutral quinazoline or anhydrous 2-hydroxypteridine) can be observed. In these cases, reaction kinetics can also be examined. Addition of water to pteridine is of special interest in relation to studies of the formation and hydrolysis of Schiflf bases. The reaction proceeds in two reversible stages, 3 4 5 ... 

The pK of quinazoline, as commonly measured, is 3.51 this represents mainly the equilibrium between the two most stable species, namely, the hydrated cation and the anhydrous neutral species. The true anhydrous pKa (i.e., for the instantaneous equilibrium between anhydrous cation and anhydrous neutral species) was obtained25 for quinazoline, twelve substituted quinazolines, and triazanaphthalenes in the rapid-reaction apparatus just described. The true anhydrous pKa of quinazoline turned out to be 1.95. The true hydrated pKa of quinazoline has already been reported26 as 7.77, the slower rate of hydration permitting its determination in the usual rapid-reaction apparatus. Thus, in general, three pKa values exist for each hydrating base, and the equilibrium between the totally hydrated species furnishes the strongest basic properties. 

But do remember, with the harmaline and harmine content of the seeds of Peganum harmala, you are also accepting an equal weight of quinazoline alkaloids with pharmacological properties that are quite different from those of the carbolines. 

The pyrrolo[ 1,2-c]quinazolines 33 have been patented for their cardiovascular activities and as antiasthmatic agents. A structure-activity study was made to optimize the antihypertensive properties of these compounds in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. ... 

The chromato phic (TLC, i8.i . io,4i 1 gc,i and HPLC ) and polaro-graphic behavior and mass spectral properties - - of some pyr-rolo[2,l-i>]quinazoline alkaloids were investigated. A procedure for the rapid qualitative identification of vasicine (184) by means of capillary luminescence was developed. ... 

The fluorescence and phosphorescence of quinazoline, 6-chloro-4-phenyl-and 6-chloro-l-methyl-4-phenylquinazolin-2(lH)-one were recorded in ethanol containing 1% of concentrated sulfuric acid. The luminescence of these compounds on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates saturated with ethanol was reported. 4-Morpholino- and 4-piperidino-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-quinazoline also have luminescent properties, and the ultraviolet fluorescence in the crystals and in hexane or benzene solution was discussed. The time and wavelength resolved emission from quinazoline vapor at low pressures was studied with a pulsed frequency double-dye laser and were compared with those of quinoxaline and cinnoline. ... 

Alkylation of 2-substituted quinazolin-4(3//)-ones by reaction with sodium hydride in dimethylformamide followed by alkylation provided O-and N-alkyl derivatives. The extent of alkylation at the different sites was reasonably explained in terms of steric properties of the 2-substituents. The silver salt of quinazolin-4(3H)-one and tetra-0-acetyl-) -D-glucopyrano-syl bromide gave a 40% yield of the 0-glycosyl derivative in contrast with the mercury salt, which gave mainly the iV-3-glycosyl derivative. As in the alkylation of mercapto compounds, quinazoline-4(3H)-thione gave the S-glycosyl derivative. If sodium hydroxide was used as base a 56% yield of the... 

---