Properties of liquid metals

Catherall, A.T. Eaves, L. King, P.J. Booth, S.R. Floating gold in cryogenic oxygen. Nature, 422(4)(2003)579. 

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Catalysis and Surface Properties of Liquid Metals and Alloys, Yoshisada Ogino... 

Filtration Principles and Practices Second Edition, edited by Michael J. Matteson and Clyde Orr Corrosion Mechanisms, edited by Florian Mansfeld Catalysis and Surface Properties of Liquid Metals and Alloys, Yoshisada Ogino... 

Effect of physical properties Physical properties of liquid metals that have significant effects on CHF values are thermal conductivity, latent heat of vaporization, and surf ace tension. 

The properties of liquid metals can cause flow instability (oscillation) because of vapor pressure—temperature relationship. Most liquid metals, especially alkali metals, show a greater change in saturation temperature, corresponding to a given change of pressure, than does water. In a vertical system under gravitational force, the change of static pressure could appreciably alter the saturation temperature such that explosion -type flow oscillation would occur that would result in liquid... 

It should be noted that it is difficult to obtain models that can accurately predict thermal contact resistance and rapid solidification parameters, in addition to the difficulties in obtaining thermophysical properties of liquid metals/alloys, especially refractory metals/al-loys. These make the precise numerical modeling of flattening processes of molten metal droplets extremely difficult. Therefore, experimental studies are required. However, the scaling of the experimental results for millimeter-sized droplets to micrometer-sized droplets under rapid solidification conditions seems to be questionable if not impossible,13901 while experimental studies of micrometer-sized droplets under rapid solidification conditions are very difficult, and only inconclusive, sparse and scattered data are available. 

Source T. Lida and R. I. L. Guthrie, The Physical Properties of Liquid Metals. Copyright 1988 Oxford University Press. 

Figure 4.1 Dependence of activation energy for viscous flow on melting point for normal metals and semi-metals. Reprinted, by permission, from T. lida and R. I. L. Guthrie, The Physical Properties of Liquid Metals, p. 187. Copyright 1988 by Oxford University Press.

The simple model described is successful in accounting for the properties of liquid metals (45) and has been applied with some success to the study of the conductivity of saturated metal-ammonia solutions (27). 

Faber, T. E. Optical properties of liquid metals Proc. Int. Coll. Paris, Sept. 1965. Optical properties and electronic Structure of metals and alloys. Amsterdam North-Holland Publ. Comp. 1966. 

Sundstrom, L. J. A Theorie of the Electrical Properties of Liquid Metals IY. Quantitative Calculations of Resistivity and Thermoelectric Power. Phil. Mag. 11, 657 (1965). 

Poirier J. P. (1988) Transport properties of liquid metals and viscosity of the Earth s core. Geophys. J. 92, 99-105. 

Table A-2 Boiling and freezing point properties 843 Table A-3 Properties of solid metals 844 846 Table A-4 Properties of solid nonmetals 847 Table A-5 Properties of building materials 848-849 Table A-6 Properties of insulating materials 850 Table A-] Properties of common foods 851-852 Table A-8 Properties of miscellaneous materials 853 TableA-9 Properties of saturated water 854 Table A 10 Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a 855 Table A-11 Properties of saturated ammonia 856 Table A-12 "Properties of saturated propane 857 Table A-13 Properties of liquids 858 Table A-14 Properties of liquid metals 859 Table A- 5 Properties of air at 1 atm pressure 860 TableA-16 Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure 861-862 Table A-17 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude 863 Table A-18 Emissivities of surfaces 864-865 Table A-19 Solar radiative properties of materials 866 Figure A-20 The Moody chart for friction factor for fully developed flow in circular pipes 867...

Not much is known about the thermophysical properties of liquid metals, especially the transport properties such as chemical and thermal diffusivities. The existing data are sparse and the scatter makes it difficult to make an accurate determination of the temperature dependency of these properties. This situation was the motivation for Froberg s experiment on Space-lab-1 in which he measured the temperature dependence of the self-diffusion of Sn from 240°C to 1250°C. He found that the diffusion coefficients were 30-50% lower than the accepted values and seemed to follow a 7 dependence as opposed to the Arrhenius behavior observed in solid state diffusion. ... 

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