Propellants carbon dioxide

Propellants. The propellant, said to be the heart of an aerosol system, maintains a suitable pressure within the container and expels the product once the valve is opened. Propellants may be either a Hquefied halocarbon, hydrocarbon, or halocarbon—hydrocarbon blend, or a compressed gas such as carbon dioxide (qv), nitrogen (qv), or nitrous oxide. 

Considerable developmental effort is being devoted to aerosol formulations using the compressed gases given in Table 4. These propellants are used in some food and industrial aerosols. Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, which tend to be more soluble, are often preferred. When some of the compressed gas dissolves in the product concentrate, there is partial replenishment of the headspace as the gas is expelled. Hence, the greater the gas solubiUty, the more gas is available to maintain the initial conditions. 

In canned whipping cream, the gas nitrous oxide is used as both a propellant and a whipping agent. Nitrous oxide under pressure dissolves in the fats in the cream, and comes out of solution (like fizzing carbon dioxide in a soda) when the pressure is released. The bubbles of nitrous oxide instantly whip the cream into foam. 

The fourth example, the use of chemical processing on Mars for producing a propellant, is presented in Section 1.9.7 [106]. The fifth and last example describes the use of distributed systems for global carbon dioxide management, aiming at reducing the greenhouse effect [106]. The main issue here is the installation of gas-absorption equipment for CO2 capture at central, fossil-fuel power plants. 

You have probably already encountered the reaction of vinegar with baking soda. The carbon dioxide that is produced can be used to simulate a volcano, for example, or to propel a toy car or rocket. 

Carbon dioxide has extensive commercial applications. Some important applications of this compound include carbonation of beverages as a fire extinguishing agent in the manufacture of carbonates as dry ice (solid CO2) for refrigeration as an aerosol propellant as a shielding gas for welding as... 

Aerosol Furniture Polish (Carbon Dioxide Propel 1 anti... 

U. Teipel, P. Gerber, H. Krause, Characterization of the phase equilibrium of the system trinitrotoluene/carbon dioxide, Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics 23 (1998) 82-85. 

A number of compressed and liquified gases are used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants. These include nitrous oxide, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, propane, and butane. The use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is restricted because of environmental pollution leading to health hazards. These have been replaced by hydrogenated fluorocarbons (HFCs), which are less likely to cause environmental pollution. 

Hence the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent for propellants and drugs is discussed both in analytical chemistry /3, 4/ and processing technology /5, 6/. 

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