Propanol solutions, surface tensions

Jackson (Jl), 1955 Flow of films of ethyl acetate, methanol, water, water + surfactant, 2-propanol, glycerol solutions (with and without surfactant), inside tube of 3.6 cm. diameter. Film thicknesses by radioisotope tracer method heights of waves measured. Surface tension had little effect. 

High temperatures also decrease the viscosity of liquid solvents, thus facilitating penetration of matrix particles and enhanced extraction. By way of example, the viscosity of 2-propanol decreases 9-fold as the temperature is raised from 25 to 200°C [12]. In addition to reducing viscosity, increased temperatures also decrease the surface tension of the solvent, solutes and matrix, thereby allowing the solvent to better wet the sample matrix. Both changes improve contact of the analytes with the solvent and hence the extraction efficiency. A decreased solvent surface tension also allows solvent cavities to form more easily [14], thus permitting the analytes to be more rapidly dissolved in the solvent [1]. 

Solubility practically insoluble in ether very soluble in acetone, ethanol (95%), methanol, propanol, and water. Aqueous solutions of benzalkonium chloride foam when shaken, have a low surface tension and possess detergent and emulsifying properties. 

The surface tension of binary mixtures of water + monoethanolamine and water + 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol and tertiary mixtures of these amines with water from 25 to 50°C have been reported. = The surface tension of aqueous solutions of diethanolamine and triethanolamine from 25 to 50°C have been analyzed. ... 

Figure 1. Surface tensions of propanol solutions. Key O, n-propanol and , isopropanol.

Fig. 3.1. The dependence of equilibrium surface tension on concentration for the solutions of normal alcohols in the range of 1-propanol to I-decanol (the number of carbon atoms is shown by figures at the curves) (O), data from [18], 20°C (A), data from [19], 20°C (A), data from [20], 25°C (O), data from [21], 25°C ( ), data from [22], 20°C ( ), data from [23,24], 25 C, theoretical curves were calculated from Frumkin s model, model parameters are listed in Table 3.1.

Figure 5.5.3. Surface tension of 2-propanol-water mixtures. The smooth line is drawn with eq. 5.5.26. (Reproduced with permission from the Journal of Solution Chemistry, reference 14.)...

The solutions are made usually by dissolving SnCU or InCU in some solvents such as ethanol [83, 90], methanol [92], propanol [85], butyl acetate [93], HCl [92], and H2O [84]. Alcoholic solvents were the most preferred because of their low surface tension and viscosity facilitates the formation of small spray droplets while its low boiling point enables it to be efficiently removed from the deposition chamber in the vapor phase. The solvent is made slightly acidic with HCl (or HF for fluoride doping) [91, 92]. 

The wash solution of the automatic sampler contains a 5 % propanol-2 solution (6.8) in order to lower its surface tension and to prevent growth of bacteria. 

Anderson s group (Pino et al., 2009) studied the micellar properties of aqueous solutions of two ILs, l-hexadecyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide and 1,3-didodecylimidazolium bromide, in the presence of several organic solvents (methanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, l-p>entanol, and acetonitrile) by surface tensiometiy. For both ILs, increases in the cmc values and minimum surface area per surfactant molecule, decreases in the maximum surface excess concentration, adsorption efficiency and effectiveness of surface tension reduction were obtained when increasing the organic solvent content. 

Although solvent samples have been observed for approximately one year without any solids formation, work was completed to define a new solvent composition that was thermodynamically stable with respect to solids formation and to expand the operating temperature with respect to third-phase formation.109 Chemical and physical data as a function of solvent component concentrations were collected. The data included BC6 solubility cesium distribution ratio under extraction, scrub, and strip conditions flowsheet robustness temperature range of third-phase formation dispersion numbers for the solvent against waste simulant, scrub and strip acids, and sodium hydroxide wash solutions solvent density viscosity and surface and interfacial tension. These data were mapped against a set of predefined performance criteria. The composition of 0.007 M BC6, 0.75 M l-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-.sw-butylphenoxy)-2-propanol, and 0.003 M TOA in the diluent Isopar L provided the best match between the measured properties and the performance criteria. 

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