Prooxidative reaction pathways

Prooxidative reaction pathways. For visible light to affect cellular components it must first be absorbed. Hemes with a... 

Antioxidative reaction pathways. The prevention of damage in cellular systems can be considered a two-level process. First, the cell would minimize the production and availability of prooxidant factors and substances. The compartmentalization of prooxidant enzymes in organelles such as mitochondria, and the sequestering of transition metals by specific proteins are examples of this level of defense. The second level of defense involves the scavenging and neutralization of pro-oxidants. These antioxidant pathways in mitochondria are depicted by darker lines in... 

Fig. 3 Proposed reaction pathway of P-carotene prooxidant activity. P-C, P-carotene ROO% peroxyl radical ROO-P-C-, P-carotene radical R00-P-C-00% P-carotene peroxy radical P-CO, P-carotene epoxide RO% alkoxy radical. (Adapted in part from Ref. l)...

Flavonoids and their metal complexes exhibit a unique redox chemistry, acting both as antioxidants to protect against potential oxidative damage, e.g. in the presence of ROS, and as prooxidant that may result in oxidative damage, depending on the reaction conditions. A fine balance of these two pathways thus determines the characteristic role of this biologically and medicinally important family of natural products. 

The last pathway for Maillard reaction and oxidation to interact has probably been studied most extensively. Whereas the prooxidative activity of Maillard reaction products is rarely described, their antioxidative activity is well established, both in model mixtures and in processed food Maillard products cannot only inhibit lipid oxidation in food systems, but are also able to adverse oxidative cell damage Furthermore, a diet rich in Maillard... 

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