Pronghorn glands

Keeper substances in a scent secretion, and/or the nature of the substrate such as rock, wood or soil, impart longevity to a scent mark. In our own studies, scent marks of captive pronghorn, A. americana, were still noticeable to the human nose 4 months after all animals had been removed from a pen. Similarly, scent marks of the aardwolf, Proteks cristatus, last for up to 6 months (Apps etal, 1989). 2-Phenoxyethanol in the secretions from the chin gland of the rabbit is typical in dominant animals, serving as a fixative to extend the life of the signal (Hayes etal, 2001). 

FIGURE 2.5 Visual signal is combined with odor release when an alarmed pronghorn Antilocapra americana) flares his "rump patch of long hair covering the ischiadic gland. (Photograph D. Miiller-Schwarze.)... 

Subauricular gland (jaw patch) Pronghorn, Antihcapra americana... 

In most mammal species the skin glands typically occur only in, or are larger or more numerous in, males. For example, only the male pronghorn has a pair of... 

The male pronghorn, A. americana, scent marks his territory with the sub-auricular gland. Among the constituents of the subauricular secretion, isovaleric acid (Fig. 6.15) released the strongest marking responses by pronghorn bucks (Muller-Schwarzeetfl/., 1974). 

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