Prokinetics

Gas solubility Gas sweetening Gas-treating Gastric acid Gastric prokinetics Gastrin... 

Monotherapy with a PPI is not only more effective in patients not responding to an H2RA or prokinetic agent alone, but it also improves compliance with once-daily dosing and is ultimately more cost-effective. 

The combination of a prokinetic agent and acid-suppressing drug is used commonly in pediatric patients with GERD.27 Monotherapy with an H2RA is also used frequently ranitidine 2 to 4 mg/kg/day is effective in neonates and pediatric patients. 

Profuse or prolonged vomiting can lead to complications of dehydration and metabolic abnormalities. Patients must have adequate hydration and electrolyte replacement orally (if tolerated) or intravenously to prevent and correct these problems. Some pharmacologic treatments work locally in the GI tract (e.g., antacids and prokinetic agents), whereas others work in the central nervous system (e.g., antihistamines and antiemetics).1... 

Most pharmacokinetic interactions in transplantation occur due to interactions with the CYP enzyme system however, several interactions have been shown to occur via alternative mechanisms. One of the most notable is that seen between tacrolimus and some of the prokinetic agents. Cisapride and metoclopramide have been shown to increase the absorption of tacrolimus by enhancing gastric emptying.41... 

Besides constipation-related IBS, several studies have also suggested abnormalities of colonic bacterial composition in chronic idiopathic constipation [125]. Here again antibiotic treatment with vancomycin [126, 127], rova-mycin (in combination with diphetarsone, an amebicidal agent) [128,129] or erythromycin [130], which, however, displays a prokinetic activity [131, 132], proved to be capable of reversing long-lasting constipation. Furthermore, the efficacy in both clinical conditions of probiotics [133-135] lends further support to the pathogenic role of bowel flora. 

In some patients SIBO is caused by intestinal stasis secondary to motility defects, and the restoration of normal intestinal motility may represent an effective approach. Prokinetic agents have been shown to improve intestinal motility [ 15,16], and the use of this therapeutic approach has been shown to be effective in patients with scleroderma, low-dose octreotide proved to be useful in the reduction of bacterial overgrowth [17]. Unfortunately, cisapride was recently removed from the market due to car-diotoxicity, and, apart from an erythromycin analog without antibiotic effects which showed no effects in rats [18],... 

Greater skill is required to place the feeding tube beyond the pylorus. Prokinetic agents, such as metoclopramide or erythromycin, facilitate... 

Mohammad, A.H., Jabed, C.W. and Jones, R.W. (1997). Blockage of the HERG human cardiac K channel by gastrointestinal prokinetic agent cisapride. Am. J. Physiol. 273, H2534-H2538. 

Multiple drugs (PPIs, prokinet- G-protein Pj-subunit (GNP3) 825C>T ics, spasmolytics, tricyclic antidepressants)... 

The few controlled studies of pharmacotherapy for AN have largely been disappointing. No class of medication has consistently proved effective in the treatment of AN consequently, pharmacotherapy plays a relatively minor role in the routine management of the disorder. Nevertheless, a review of the medications tested for the treatment of AN is informative. Medications used in the treatment of AN include appetite stimulants, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, trace mineral supplementation, prokinetics, and opiate antagonists. 

H2 blocker, proton pump inhibitor If no improvement, endoscopy Severe bloating Prokinetic... 

There likely remains a role for pharmacotherapy for some AN patients during the maintenance phase of treatment. Appetite stimulants, prokinetics, and anxiolytics should be tapered and discontinued at the conclusion of the acute phase of treatment. However, early evidence suggests that continued antidepressant administration may help to sustain remission. The appropriate duration for maintenance pharmacotherapy in AN has not been well studied and remains open to debate. 

Adrenergic Alpha 2A receptor ADRA2A Agonism Sedation - anesthetic-sparing effect - central hypotensive and hypothermic actions, hyperglycemia. Antagonism May induce gastrointestinal prokinetic effects. 

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