Prokaryotes elements selection

Schlegel, H.G. and Bowlen, D. (eds.) (1999). Autotrophic Bacteria. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg White, D. (1995). The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes. Oxford University Press, Oxford Williams, R.J.P. and Frausto da Silva, J.J.R. (1996). The Natural Selection of the Chemical Elements -The Environment and Life s Chemistry. Oxford University Press, Oxford... 

An important point to note here and elsewhere in the description of cell activity is that the particular nature of calcium biochemistry, including the availability of the element and its necessary rejection from the prokaryote cell, when linked to stimulated input and interaction with specific internal proteins of selected properties, made it uniquely suitable for the function as an elementary ionic fast in/out messenger. It was then capable of signalling to cell changes once cell size and organisation increased beyond the elementary level of a cell with one small, rapidly... 

DNA plasmid-based treatment ( gene therapy ) is considered an alternative to the one based on classical chemical drugs or proteins recovered from recombinant cells. Treatment of acquired and inherent genetic diseases as well as the use of DNA for the purpose of vaccination are potential applications of plasmid DNA (pDNA). The plasmid carries information that allows protein expression in the targeted human cells as well as eukaryotic regulatory elements and specific prokaryotic sequences that control replication in the host cell, see Fig. 10. Formulation is required for ex- or in-vivo administration. Selected systems for gene expression can be viral or non-viral. 

---