Profitability factors affecting

This chapter discusses the factors affecting yields and qualities of FCC product streams. The section on FCC economics describes several options that can be used to maximize FCC performance and the refinery s profit margin. 

The single overriding factor affecting the success of a flue gas treatment system is the total system cost. All elements of a flue gas treatment system either directly or indirectly affect the total cost to own and operate the system over its expected life. These systems are not installed by utility or industrial companies to produce a profit but instead are often viewed as a drain on the resources of the company. The user of the technology is, therefore, interested in applying the most economical flue gas treatment system available. 

However, other factors affecting profitability are much more closely linked to what happens inside the kiln. One of these is the marketability of the charcoal. If charcoal is to command a high price, its properties have to conform to users requirements. Iron and steel plants, for instance, may require a charcoal with a higher fixed carbon content... 

Both the primary and the secondary decomposition reactions produce char and hence have the potential to affect charcoal yield and hence kiln profitability. Factors known to influence the nature, extent or rates of these reactions are reviewed below. 

The technique just referred to has been put to use widely by Du Pont in its advertising but we have felt compelled to try to go beyond setting communications goals. Since the ultimate purpose of our business is to make a profit, it follows that our advertising should be measured in terms of what it is contributing to the company s profit. Because of the many other factors affecting profit, it is difficult to isolate the effect of advertising, but we have been able to do it in several cases. Since we have been able to do it in some instances, this remains our... 

Several factors affect the decision if exercising the option or not. The first one is the asymmetric profit-loss profile. The potential gain of the option holder is unlimited when the price of the underlying asset rises, and losing only the initial investment if the price decreases. The second one is the time of value. In fact, in callable bonds, usually the price decreases as the bmid approaches maturity. This incentives the option holder to delay the exercise for a lower strike price. However, coupon payments with lower interest rates can favour the early exercise. 

The probability that the entrepreneur would have the opportunity to gain a level3 as it is not good enough but has no loss (net profits of around 8-10 %) was considered. When compared to the opportunity profitable level 2 or level 1, the results showed that there were no factors affecting the net profit of the SMEs in the province as in Table 4. 

Factors affecting SMEs net profit Coefficient P-value Marginal effect... 

The impact or the other factors affecting SMEs net profit should be investigated, and the data from this study can be applied for operations management to create effective performance. 

The selection of the manufacturing panel is one of the most important steps in achieving product profitability. Several factors affect the selection of panel sizes to produce a specific product. These include ... 

Table 10.1 Rai e of Variation of Factors Affecting the Profitability of a Chemical Process...

T he heart of a chemical process is a reaction in which several feed stocks are combined to make one or more products of greater value. Before the plant is designed, process engineers have to determine whether the reaction will proceed at a favorable rate, with sufficient conversion into the principal product to make the operation profitable. Once the optimum conditions for the conduct of the reaction have been established, the control system must be designed to maintain them. But there are many factors affecting the rate of the principal and side reactions, which must be appreciated before an intelligent design can be made. 

Another factor affecting the cost of premiums is the underwriting cycle. This is a factor that employers have little control over. It is a cyclic period of time showing a predictable pattern of profit and loss for insurance companies. Competition drives insurers to repeat the pattern during phases of the cycle. Insurance rates are adjusted based on this cycle, the most recent premiums, investment income, and losses reported by the insurance companies. 

The exacting Hst of specification requirements for aviation gas turbine fuels and the constraints imposed by deUvering clean fuel safely from refinery to aircraft are the factors that affect the economics. Compared with other distillates such as diesel and burner fuels, kerosene jet fuels are narrow-cut specialized products, and usually command a premium price over other distillates. The prices charged for jet fuels tend to escalate with the basic price of cmde, a factor which seriously underrnined airline profits during the Persian Gulf war as cmde prices increased sharply. 

Depreciation, amortization, depletion, and investment credit are all factors that affect the taxes a company must pay, and hence the profit that can be made. When the government wishes industry to change its direction, it can manipulate these factors to make certain options more profitable. The engineer must be aware of these changes, since they can be the deciding factor on whether a project should be continued. 

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