Profile border

Peak area - this is the area beneath a substance profile, bordered above... 

Add all profile coordinate files to the input file list. A number of options are available. Spatial resolution is the resolution for the immunogold labeling (see above). Shell width specifies a zone outside the profile border, outside of which gold particles are discarded from the analysis—a shell width of zero thus discards all gold particles that are exterior to the profile. Moreover, a variety of... 

FIGURE 20.12 (a) Top part shows variations of elastic modulus profile measured in different locations of the polypropylene (PP)-ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) blend. The locations are shown by white dots in the blend phase image placed at the bottom. Vertical white dashed lines show the components borders and the elastic modulus value for this location. Vertical black dotted lines indicate the locations where elastic modulus E gradually changes between PP (E ) and EPDM (E )- These values are indicated with black arrows on the E axis, (b) LvP curves for PP-matrix, EPDM-domains, and one of interface locations. The approach curves are seen as solid black lines and the retract curves as gray lines. 

The electrodes used in the above studies were double-barreled glass pH sensitive microelectrodes, and the spatial retinal pH profile was recorded by withdrawing the microelectrode tip at a rate of 1 //m/s or lOOpm/step across the retina in vivo or in vitro. In a typical retina pH profile (Fig. 10.9), measured in cat retina by the microelectrode, started from the choroids (Ph = 7.41, at distance Ojum). The pH steadily decreased to a minimum value (a maximum [H+] concentration) in the proximal portion of the outer nuclear layer (pH = 7.14 at —140 jum), then increased to —7.28 (at —310 pm) at the vitreous retinal border. The peak [H+] concentration in this layer indicated that a net production of proton occurred across the avascular outer retina [76],... 

LA-ICP-MS is well suited for monitoring element distribution in annual rings of trees. Annual ring profiles in pine and birch from the Norwegian-Russian border and from northwest Russia measured by LA-ICP-MS as a rapid and sensitive method show the pollution history (especially of the heavy metal content) of the area. No correlation was found between the pollution levels of the soils and the observed metal content in the annual rings by Garbe-Schoenberg et al.20... 

There has not been a measured decrease in rain concentrations of PAHs over the period from 1991 to 1998 [ 148], unlike the observed decreases in concentration of these same compounds in the gas phase. This is likely due to the dominance of particle scavenging on the observed precipitation concentrations. PAHs are present in both the gas and particle phases, and Cortes et al. [33] showed that only gas-phase PAH concentrations showed a decrease with time. Particle bound atmospheric PAH concentrations exhibited no such decrease, and precipitation does not as well. Simcik et al. [148] compared the profiles of individual compounds and found the distribution in precipitation closely resembles that associated with particles in the air (r2 = 0.925) but not the gas phase (r2 = 0.085). They went on to to explain that precipitation is an effective scavenger of particle phase PAHs, and so the lack of decrease in particle-bound PAHs in the air has lead to the same lack of decrease in PAH concentration in rain. Earlier measurements revealed concentrations of 109 to 459ngL-1 across all Great Lakes on the US Canada border [149], and support the conclusion that concentrations of PAHs in precipitation are not decreasing appreciably. 

In the initial studies of trace elements of human skin cross sections, a Ca profile evolved which was increasing from the basal, germinative level of the epidermis toward the horny layer. The drastic concentration drop of Ca concentration down to threshold values at the border of the stratum germinativum and the stratum corneum was a particularly interesting feature.15-17 Only a few years later this finding could be correlated to the fact that a Ca concentration >0.1 mmol was essential if a fully cornified stratum corneum was to be obtained in cell culture. This relationship between Ca and terminal differentiation of the epidermal cells was verified in a PIXE study of epidermal cell cultures.18... 

The above analysis suggests a third alternative (Figure 3.17) with only two columns. The first split could deliver high-purity acetone, while the second split would give chloroform with acetone as impurity. The representation predicts that chloroform purity would not exceed 98% for a reasonable amount of entrainer. Again, computer simulation gives a much better solution. The concentration profile for the first column shows clearly that the distillation border is crossed at finite reflux, and high purity can be obtained in the second split. 

Concentration profile of nitroxyl radicals resulted from thermo-oxidative destruction of other polymer - ethylene copolymer with propylene is presented in Figure 9b. In this case maximum concentration of nitroxyl radicals is observed not on the borders but in the center of sample the process of thermo-oxidative destruction proceeds mainly in sample depth [49],... 

If the condition for polyhedricity R/r 1 is not fulfilled, the radius of curvature and the area of the cross-section become dependent on the co-ordinates along the length of the Plateau border. Analytical dependence of the radius of curvature on the co-ordinates (the border profile) at different foam expansion ratio is not found. 

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