Productivity advantage

A typical reactor operates at 600—900°C with no catalyst and a residence time of 10—12 s. It produces a 92—93% yield of carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene, based on the chlorine input. The principal steps in the process include (/) chlorination of the hydrocarbon (2) quenching of reactor effluents 3) separation of hydrogen chloride and chlorine (4) recycling of chlorine to the reactor and (i) distillation to separate reaction products from the hydrogen chloride by-product. Advantages of this process include the use of cheap raw materials, flexibiUty of the ratios of carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene produced, and utilization of waste chlorinated residues that are used as a feedstock to the reactor. The hydrogen chloride by-product can be recycled to an oxychlorination unit (30) or sold as anhydrous or aqueous hydrogen chloride. 

Another important recent advance is the development of the CVD of Si02 from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and ozone (see Ch. 11). This deposition reaction is becoming prominent for the many production advantages it provides. ]... 

While an [S]/[C] ratio serves as a good dimension of merit for the productivity of one batch, it does not yield any information on the stability of the catalyst over its lifetime. As already discussed in Chapter 19, Section 19.3.4, the homogeneous catalysis community typically does not feel the need to recycle catalysts (Blaser, 2001), so the turnover number (TON) equals the total turnover number (TTN). The true utility and productivity advantage of biocatalysts is captured upon reuse of the catalyst, achieving catalyst lifetime productivities far in excess of catalysts used only once. 

In certain cases, the separation medium of a membrane is a liquid that is immiscible with the feed stream. The very high permeability of liquids relative to solid materials offers a productivity advantage. Usually the selectivity of liquids derives from differential partitioning of permeants. Liquids may also be used as a solvent for specific com-plexing agents that do not form membranes themselves. Finally, transient deposits of colloids can be used as selective barriers in the so-called dynamic membranes, which offer very high productivities when moderate degrees of separation are adequate. 

There is a debate among experts as to whether the flow-in method provides better properties and lower cost than the weld-through method. A relatively recent analysis indicates that the flow-in technique is easier to implement and better preserves the microstructure and hardness of the produced weldments.42 However, the weld-through method is the most commonly used because of its high-speed production advantages. 

Examples of product advantages include seamless, stress-free, short lead-time for the manufacture of mold, one or more cavities in a mold... 

Major product advantages Major selling arguments, strategic importance. 

Page 205. The Japanese production advantage. . How to Beat Japan at Its Own Game, by M. Borrus in The New York Times, July 31, 1988. F3. 

In the business world it is often said that time is money. As CEO of the Speedy Reaction Chemical Manufacturing Company, I am interested in analyzing the factors that could assist us with speeding up chemical reactions so that we can produce more product in less time. We feel that if we optimize the conditions of our process, we would gain a production advantage that would give us a greater share of the business. 

Caustic Soda for Bleached Pulp Production, Advantages of Membrane Cells," Allied Chemical Corp. 1979. 

Ultraviolet light (UV) curable screen ink solder masks and photopolymerizable dry film solder masks have been available commercially since 1973 (5). These materials offer the PCB manufacturer many processing and production advantages relative to the conventional solvent-evaporative thermally cured solder masks. These products based on a new emerging technology have helped... 

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