Production isobutanol+butanol+ethanol

This general strategy of using a feedback-resistant LPD mutant has been implemented by Genomatica to improve production of butanediol by . coli [131]. The specific mutation identified by Kim et al. was used to improve the production of -butanol, isobutanol, and pentanol by E. coli [132-134]. Thus, once again, metabolic engineering strategies that were first developed to improve ethanol production have been used to improve the production of other fuels and chemicals. 

Fusel alcohols (1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 2-phenyl-ethanol) were actually among the first aroma constituents studied, as early gas chromatographic research had indicated, erroneously, that these compounds represented the predominant volatile fraction in wines (28). Yeast-specific fusel alcohol production has been studied by a number of researchers (31,33,37-39), all of whom found production differences among yeast strains. Unfortunately yeast strains have not usually been replicated among studies an exception is the work of Delteil and Jarry (57) and Kunkee and Vilas (39). Their results for the fiisel alcohol isobutanol (2-methyl-1-propanol) are shown in Table I. Soufleros and Bertrand (55) studied fifty different yeast strains unfortunately their data do not allow for statistical analysis. Mateo and coworkers (38) examined ten... 

Trinh C (2012) Elucidating and optimizing E. coli metaboUsms for obUgate anaerobic butanol and isobutanol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 95(4) 1083-1094 Trinh CT, Srienc F (2009) Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for efficient conversion of glycerol to ethanol. Appl Environ Microbiol 75 6696-6705 Trinh CT, Carlson R, Wlaschin A, Srienc F (2006) Design, construction and performance of the most efficient biomass producing E. coli bacterium. Metab Eng 8 628-638 Trinh CT, Unrean P, Srienc F (2008) Minimal Escherichia coli ceU for the most efficient production of ethanol from hexoses and pentoses. Appl Environ Microbiol 74 3634-3643... 

Fatehi, P. (2013) Recent advancements in various steps of ethanol, butanol, and isobutanol productions from woody materials. Biotechnol Progr., 29, 297-310. 

Solvents are used in the production of fibers and in their modification and recovery from wastes. Production of fibers with optoelectronic properties for optoelectronic modulators requires several steps. In the first step, a metal hydrate or a hydrated metal compound (based on Pb, La, Zr, Ti) is dispersed in solvent (ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, 2-methoxyethanol, or 2-ethoxyethanol), the resulting dispersion is then heated to polymerize the material and stretched to gel the fiber. The final fiber formation is achieved by heating the gelatinized fiber. 

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