Product Operators Basic Tools

Figures 15 and 16 provide a summary of the compression cycles for rotary and single-punch tablet presses. The formation of the tablet compact in these two types of presses mainly differs in the compaction mechanism itself, as well as the much greater speeds achieved with rotary type presses. The single punch basically uses a hammering type of motion (i.e., the upper punch moves down while the lower punch remains stationary), while rotary presses make use of an accordion-type compression (i.e., both punches move toward each other). The former find their primary use as an R D tool, whereas the latter, having higher outputs, are used in most production operations.

The use of heterogeneous basic catalysts for the transesterification of triglycerides has long been considered the main tool to reduce processing costs in the production of biodiesel, as it would lead to simplified operations and eliminate waste streams. 

Overall, most of the requirements for a process spectrometer/analyzer are straightforward to implement, but they do require attention at the design level. Another important area, which is FTIR-specific, is the user interface and the need to provide for industry standard data communications. Standard software packages do exist for process instrumentation. For prototype development, and even for the front-end interface in a standalone mode of operation, software products, such as Microsoft s Visual Basic and National Instruments LabView, are also important instrumentation development tools. Note that National Instruments also provides important computer-based electronics and hardware that meet most of the computer interfacing, and system control and communications needs for modem instrumentation. 

Besides providing the basic concepts, Shewhart also provided a tool, the Shewhart control chart, for determining whether a process is dominated by common or specieil causes. The control chart is the means to operationally define the concept of a stable process. There ace many different types of control charts. The appropriate chart to use in a particular application depends in part on the type of data obtained from the process or product. 

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