Product cost portion

The reimbursement rate, or price, for a third-party prescription is based on a reimbursement-rate formula that is specified in the contract between the pharmacy and the third-party payer. The reimbursement-rate formula almost universally consists of two parts the product cost portion and the dispensing fee. The product cost portion is intended to pay the pharmacy for the cost... 

Understanding the product cost portion of the reimbursement-rate formula requires an understanding of an alphabet soup of acronyms. A list of com-... 

Removal of brine contaminants accounts for a significant portion of overall chlor—alkali production cost, especially for the membrane process. Moreover, part or all of the depleted brine from mercury and membrane cells must first be dechlorinated to recover the dissolved chlorine and to prevent corrosion during further processing. In a typical membrane plant, HCl is added to Hberate chlorine, then a vacuum is appHed to recover it. A reducing agent such as sodium sulfite is added to remove the final traces because chlorine would adversely react with the ion-exchange resins used later in the process. Dechlorinated brine is then resaturated with soHd salt for further use. 

Indirect costs, sometimes called productivity costs, are incurred as a consequence of the patient s condition and the patient s experience of the condition and not as a direct result of the treatment of the patient s condition. For those gainfully employed, this includes disability, absenteeism and lost productivity. These measures are quantifiable and the total indirect costs can be a substantial portion of the total societal costs of the treatment of the patient s condition. For example, the costs of schizophrenia in Canada are over Can 2.3 billion in direct healthcare costs and an additional Can 2 billion in indirect costs annually (Procyshyn et cd., 2000). The societal cost of the disease is almost as much as the direct cost of treating the disease. 

The DOE attempt at standardized analyses as done by C. F, Braun is not the complete answer. Only the five processes in the DOE/AGA development program plus Lurgi dry-bottom were included and C. F. Braun s caveat on the capital cost estimates is significant since capital related costs are a substantial portion of the synthetic fuel product costs. 

By far, the major portion of carbon dioxide emissions in the MTO route is in the production of methanol from either gas or coal. The gas route is less carbon intensive as is illustrated in Figure 11.11, which plots the increase in methanol production cost against carbon price. 

The product designer should understand that when the production requirements are low, a relatively large portion of the product cost will be affected by the cost of the mold therefore, use of a complicated and expensive mold should be avoided, if possible. On the other hand, for very large production, the cost of the mold has very little effect on the total product cost, and even a complicated mold, with all the features required to do the best job, will be the lowest cost solution. 

Reasons for reducing wall thickness can vary. In packaging, the main reason is to save on costs The material represents a greater portion of the production costs and waste disposal fees proportional to the mass of material must also be paid. In addition, the cooling time is also reduced by a considerable margin. 

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