Produced water treatment schematics

In the aforementioned closed loop water system the polluted process water is purified completely in one wastewater treatment scenario. Only one type of process water is produced for reuse. In practise several types of process water are needed, and also several types of polluted wastewater streams are produced. This is schematically shown in Figure 2. In that case it can be advantageous in technical, economic and environmental respects to include several closed loop water systems within one production line. 

Figure 5 is the on-site chlorine gas and caustic generation system schematic (13). In this schematic, the produced chlorine gas is directly used in the water treatment plant for disinfection and oxidation. The following are the prodnction steps involving chlorine gas and canstic generation ... 

Fig. 5J4 The ABB-Membre) process for electrolytic generation of ozone using a solid polymer elect roly tc. (a) Schematic of the Membre] celt, (b) A complete ozone treatment unit including a drculating system, liV tamps, controi panel and power supply. The system ts used to deliver up to 2 h ultrapure water to a pharmaceutical production plant. Ozone is produced by a single Mcmbrel cell of 30 cra active electrode area. The cell is shown by an arrow. (Photographs courtesy A sea Brown Boveri Ltd.)...

Returning to the stability of the oxides produced by the commonly used aerospace pretreatment methods, then after exposure to a hot/wet environment the oxide structure changes markedly, as schematically shown [76,99] in Fig. 8.18. The original oxide produced by the CAE treatment (Fig. 8.17a) has increased greatly in thickness and the uppermost oxide structure now consists of this platelet structure, termed a cornflake structure. This increase in effective thickness of oxide upon exposure to water is about threefold and, according to Vedder and Vermilyea [104], in agreement with the increase to be expected when aluminium oxide is converted to the hydroxide. Thus, Venables... 

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