Procurement of Materials

Following must be considered during procurement to minimise pollution  

Masking of active surfaces of catalyst can reduce the reaction rates or the conversion efficiency (conversion of input reactants to products). This can cause escape of unconverted reactants/feed materials with the exit streams or stack gases from the plant and can result in pollution. 

Excess dust from raw materials can cause choking of downstream equip-ment/reduced heat transfer efficiency/high-pressure drops in system/charmelling in reaction (catalyst) beds which can result in escape of unreacted materials and can result in process problems such as generation of additional effluents. 

1 Some More Precautions During Procurement and Storing 

It is advisable to keep a storage tank empty always so that the fluid from a leaking container can be immediately transferred into it, thus preventing environmental disaster. 

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Procurement of materials in a timely fashion is a necessary part of detailed engineering. Successful procurement requires ... 

A scheme has been proposed for using the neutrons from the fusion reaction to convert uranium 238 to plutonium 239 or thorium 232 to uranium 233 for the manufacture of bombs. While in theory this may be possible, it does not appear to offer an easier route to the produetion of bombs than the current methods of separation of uranium 235, or the production of plutonium in a conventional reactor. As a result of these factors, use of a fusion energy system will in no way add to the potential for further nuclear weapons or provide a source for the unauthorized procurement of materials that might be used to produce weapons. 

Figure 2-1. Information from the specification is the key to effective procurement of materials.

The two areas that will be discussed as we deal with materials management are inventory and logistics. Matty times the perception of materials management is only as procurement of materials. These other two areas have a significant impact on the overall performance of snpply chain management. 

The quality management system should be completely integrated with engineering design and development, procurement of material, and internal and external manufacturing/fabrication activities for achieving the desired quality expectations. 

Besides the problem of type purity, the same problems apply as to other technical plastics, i.e., procurement of material flow volumes that have to fit the biU as to place, time, and costs. Aging processes and permeation of additives within the polymer material restrict material recycling of technical mbber components to very few special cases. 

Modifications in Procurement of materials (in a ready/convenient-to-use form) Obtaining alum as a ready-to-use solution at the point of use (instead of solid lumps) saves energy for dissolvers. It also saves energy required for evaporation of the dilute solution at the supplier s end. This is successful when the distance for transportation of dilute solution is very less. 

Easier procurement of materials worldwide. In the growing global manufacturing environment, use of one set of universally accepted test standards would facilitate easier procurement of materials against imiform global specifications, regardless of where in the world they are manufactured or needed. 

Supplier selection and purchasing. This deals with procurement of materials and services that are needed from suppliers to satisfy customer demand. The problem includes such issues as identification of materials and services needed, supplier relationships (i.e., supplier selection, contract negotiation, supplier evaluation) and execution of procurement operations. 

Organising for safety is more than allocating roles and responsibilities it must also take into account how activities that influence an organisation s safety and its culture, such as the use of contractors, procurement of materials and the management of information imparted from the organisation, will affect its safety management. 

Surprisingly few companies know the true length of the pipeline for the products they sell. The cash-to-cash cycle time (i.e. the elapsed time from procurement of materials/components through to sale of the finished product) can be six months or longer in many manufacturing industries. By focusing on eliminating... 

Maj. Gen. Harry L, Gilchrist, chief of the CWS from 1929 to 1933, estimated that in time of peace ten years were required to go through the normal development cycle of research (two years), development (three years) adoption (one year), and supply and improvement (four years). Much of this time was spent in funding, delays in authorization, stafiing, procurement of materials, and administrative work, rather than in laboratory and test work. During World War II the CWS had to telescope the procedure and rake short cuts in order to supply the Army, Navy and Air Forces with the weapons they wanted. But this speed, particularly in the early days of the conflict, frequently resulted in items that had not been sufficiently tested in the engineering process or in the field and consequently were not entirely suitable. 

Are the routines adequate for the procurement of materials, equipment and contract work ... 

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