Process signature

It is equally important for the manufacturer and regulator to know the level of additives in a polymer material to ensure that the product is fit for its intended purpose. Additive analysis marks sources of supply, provides a (total) process signature and may actually be used as a fingerprint of a polymeric material, in particular as molecular characterisation of the polymer... 

Figure 9.24 Process Signature Analyser PSA-IOOi, Left laboratory version Right industrial version.

It is vitally important that the multivariate nature of data related to a process be assessed to develop an understanding of a process and to assess quality. Process data together with appropriate chemometric models can provide information about (1) product quality inferentially from process conditions (2) process consistency (process signature, statistical process control) (3) analyzer reliability and (4) operational knowledge that can aid in scale-up and process transfers. ... 

The s process is slow to start moving, for it is related to stars in the asymptotic giant branch. These have a maximum mass of 8 M , implying a lifetime of at least 20 million years. It is not surprising then to observe that abundances in old halo stars carry a clear r-process signature (Fig. 8.6). 

Figure 2 The s-process and r-process abundances in solar system matter (based upon the work by Kappeler et aL, 1989). Note the distinctive s-process signature at masses A —88, 138, and 208 and the corresponding r-process signatures at A — 130 and 195, all attributable to closed-shell effects on neutron capture cross-sections. It is the r-process pattern thus extracted from solar system abundances that can be compared with the observed heavy element patterns in extremely metal-deficient stars (the total solar system abundances for the heavy elements are those compiled by Anders and Grevesse, 1989), which are very similar to those from the compilation of Palme and Jones (see Chapter 1.03).

Process Signature Sample matrix Measurement technique... 

Applicability of piezoelectric acoustic emission sensors to end-point determination has been studied since the beginning of this century.F l The technique is very promising, especially because it is non-invasive, sensitive, and relatively inexpensive. Granulation process signatures obtained with acoustic transducer can be used to monitor changes in particle size, flow, and... 

Exertionttexert (Transaction) Exertion—join the federation the activated exertion binds to the available provider specified by the exertion s PROCESS signature ... 

When the requestor is authenticated and authorized by the provider to invoke the method defined by the exertion s PROCESS signature, then the provider calls its own exert operation Exerter exert (Exertion). 

Plane, J.W., Klunder, J.W., Hutcheon, I.D. et al. (2013). Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a process signature in uranium oxides, J. Radioanal Nucl. Chem. 296, 551-555. 

Now a second problem is evident. Regardless of the fact that identical raw materials (relative to the production samples) can be used in the lab or pilot plant, the process signature is often so different from laboratory to production to pilot scale that significant calibration errors will arise. For example, the dwell time, compression force, and feed rate variations that exist between the different scales of manufacturing can cause significant variations in sample spectra, even when formulations are identical. Thus, expansion of the range of concentration values through the use of laboratory or pilot plant samples is, in most cases, impractical. The NIR spectra of these samples will seldom represent the population eventually to be predicted. 

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