Process induced form change

The process of phase changes to form clouds of particles can be induced such that supersaturation is achieved... 

After adsorption one side of the protein molecule is oriented towards the sorbent surface, turned away from the aqueous solution. As a consequence, hydrophobic parts of the protein that are buried in the interior of the dissolved molecule may become exposed to the sorbent surface where they are still shielded from contact with water. Because hydrophobic interaction between apolar amino acid residues in the protein s interior support the formation of secondary structures as a-helices and P-sheets, a reduction of this interaction destabilizes such structures. Breakdown of the a-helices and/or P-sheets content is, indeed, expected to occur if peptide units released from these ordered structures can form hydrogen bonds with the sorbent surface. This is the case for polar surfaces such as oxides, e.g. silica and metal oxides, and with sorbent retaining residual water at their surfaces. Then the decrease in ordered secondary structures leads to an increased conformational entropy of the protein. This may favour the protein adsorption process considerably.13 It may be understood that proteins having an intrinsically low structural stability are more prone to undergo adsorption-induced structural changes. 

Crystallization — The process of forming solid crystals from solution, melted or polycrystalline phase. Used to separate solid and liquid phase or preparing high purity materials. Crystallization from solution is the most common example of solid-liquid separation. In the process, the solid crystals are formed from supersaturated solution (the solution that contains more soluble molecules, ions etc. that it would under equilibrium conditions). Usually the supersaturated solution is obtained either by cooling the solution, evaporating the solvent, pH change, or adding another solvent. The crystallization process can be induced electrochemically (- electro deposition, electro crystallization). The most common ex-... 

---