Proanthocyanidins biological activity

Beecher, G.R., Proanthocyanidins Biological activities associated with human health, Pharm. Biol., 42, 2-20, 2004. 

Biological Activity of Catechins and Proanthocyanidins Other than Antimicrobial Activity... 

Kuliev, Z.A. et al., Oligomeric proanthocyanidin glycosides of Clementsia semenovii and their biological activity. Ill, Chem. Nat. Compd., 36, 60, 2000. 

Anthocyanin glucosides, however, are an exception for pharmacokinetic measurements, and low amounts of anthocyanin glucosides have been found in plasma and urine. " However, only very low levels have been measured in plasma, and the biological activity at these levels in likely to be low. It is also not clear whether proanthocyanidins are absorbed into plasma in an intact form. In rats, the procyanidin... 

Proanthocyanidins exhibit a range of biological activities including antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory, and cancer chemoprevention [36]. 

Stevens JF, Miranda CL, Wolthers KR, Schimerlik M, Deinzer ML, Buhler DR (2002) Identification and in vitro biological activities of hop proanthocyanidins inhibition of nNOS activity and scavenging of reactive nitrogen species. J Agric Food Chem 50 3435-3443... 

Nishioka (154) has summarized the chemistry of a wide variety of lower molecular weight proanthocyanidins isolated in his laboratory and briefly summarized their biological activities. In particular, Rhatannin, a 3-O-galloylated pro-cyanidin polymer, has been shown to affect the urea nitrogen concentrations in the serum and liver of the rat, and also the activities of a range of liver enzymes. 

The proanthocyanidins are widely distributed in nature and often represent the active compounds of medicinal plants or plants showing human health beneficial effects. Reports of several in vitro assays demonstrate potentially significant antiviral, antibacterial, molluscicidal, enzyme-inhibiting, antioxidant, and radical-scavenging properties. " Their potential to interact with biological systems rests, at least in part, on the ability to form complexes with other biomolecules, thus emphasizing the necessity to accurately define... 

De R, Kundu P, Swamakar S, Ramamurthy T, Chowdhury A, Nair GB, Mukhopadhyay AK(2009) Antimicrobial activity of curcumin against Helicobacter pylori isolates from India and during infections in mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53 1592-1597 De Bruyne T, Pieters L, Witvrouw M, De Clercq E, Vanden Berghe D, VUetinck AJ (1999) Biological evaluation of proanthocyanidin dimers and related polyphenols. J Nat Prod 62 954-958... 

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