Private contract enforcement

The multi-residue method DFG was intended to be used in state enforcement laboratories or in private contract or food industry laboratories. It was aimed initially only at plant materials and water and included a relatively large number of pesticides which are amenable to GC. 

Whether in the public or private sector, employee-management relations are governed by rules. In the absence of a union, the rules are unilaterally set by management. Legal restraints on the employer are relatively minor. With a union the rules are jointly negotiated between employer and employees and take the form of a written, enforceable contract. The locus of rule-making authority is shifted simultaneously, the possibilities for appeal to outside agencies are increased. 

While LNG brings an element of flexibility to the market, the traditional long-term contracting behavior enforces contractual commitments but may also act as a deterrent to new market entrants. Citing a number of international case studies, Victor shows that the LNG market proves that private commercial players act more efficiently than states, especially as first movers with innovative commercial or technological processes. 

By a competitive capitalist economy Bowles an Gintis (1999 14) mean one in which productive assets are privately owned, production is carried out by employees, and all markets are characterized by free entry and large number of buyers and sellers . In such an economy power relations can occur whenever contracts defining exchange s terms are incomplete and the Walrasian exogenous enforcement assumption does not hold. 

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