Prior to startup

If the toller has contracted with a private emergency response contractor, specific instructions or concerns regarding the toll materials may need to be forwarded to the contractor prior to startup. 

Tollers may have an emergency response plan that requires their personnel to respond in an emergency such as a fire, explosion or release. Other tollers may call upon local responders and evacuate. It is essential that training for responders on the emergency response plan procedures should be up-to-date prior to startup of the new toll. For companies in the U.S. that are required to register... 

Recomineadations (Check Pre S/U box if item must be done prior to startup. Attach relevant documents to this form.) ... 

Was training conducted for all affected personnel prior to startup If no, attach explanation. ... 

Were complete operating procedures available prior to startup ... 

Following the completion of a new boiler installation, it must be inspected and any remaining debris must be removed, It is then subjected to hydrostatic testing and chemical cleaning prior to startup. 

No open process or chemical sewer drains should be under or in the drainage zone from a fired process heater since the heater could ignite flammable vapors present in the process/chemical sewer. Where pro-cess/chemical sewer drains are required at a fired heater during cleanup and maintenance, the drain openings should be sealed by a gasketed and bolted cover prior to startup of the heater. 

The instrument instructions or vendor s manual should be read prior to startup. References 1,3, and 21-23 provide further insight into X-ray diffraction experiments. Newer equipment may be far more automated than what is described in the following experiment. 

In order to compare investments having different lives or with variations in return during their operating fives, it is necessary to convert rates of return to a common time basis for comparison. Although any time may be used for the comparison, the plant startup time is usually the most satisfactory. Expenditures prior to startup, and income and expenditures after startup, are converted to their worth at startup. The discussion that follows is based on the predicted startup time as the basis of calculation. 

Expenditures prior to startup. The expenditures prior to startup can be placed in two categories (1) those that occur uniformly over the period of time before startup and (2) lump-sum payments that occur at some point before the startup time. 

Construction costs are generally assumed to be disbursed uniformly between the start of construction and the startup time, although equivalent results can be obtained if they are considered to be a lump-sum disbursement taking place hallway between the start of construction and startup. The present worth of construction costs that are assumed to occur uniformly over a period of years T prior to startup can be calculated using either continuous interest compounding or discrete (annual) interest compounding. 

Employees involved in operating a process and maintenance and contract employees whose job tasks will be affected by a change in the process shall be informed of and trained in, the change prior to startup of the process or affected part of the process. 

If the change is approved, startup cannot proceed until the Pre-Startup Review is completed (line 8) and the SLS or DH signs off on line 9. To proceed with the change any affected documentation is updated, and the change is engineered and constructed. Any requirements identified for later completion are suspended as required. People whose job tasks will be affected by the change are informed and trained in the change prior to startup of the process. Individuals who are off shift or absent are trained upon resumption of their job responsibilities. 

Prior to startup of new facilities or facilities that have undergone changes, a Pre-Startup Safety Review (PSSR) must be performed by a supervisor of the affected process unit. If the supervisor is assured that construction and equipment are in accordance with design specifications and that affected procedures, process safety information, and training are updated, he completes the PSSR Form 11—3. If any of the pre-startup requirements have not been met satisfactorily, the supervisor sees to it that the deficiencies are corrected and... 

Prior to startup one must check certain machine conditions and process control that should be listed on some kind of worksheet from the machine manufacturer, plastic supplier, and/or the more important plant setup person with experience (Chapter 3). Checkup includes the... 

One year prior to startup of the plant, the necessary land is purchased at a cost of 200,000. 

Construction cost The total construction cost of the plant during the one year prior to startup is 600,000 occurring uniformly during the year. The compounded construction cost at zero time, therefore, is the future worth of this 600,000 after one year flowing uniformly throughout the year with continuous compounding. Thus, by Eq. (37) of Chap. 7 or part (/) of Table 3 in Chap. 7. 

Normal procedure was to evacuate the entire reactor system prior to startup. The feed-pump was then started and the oven temperature slowly raised until liquids began to accumulate in the trap. The catalyst bed temperature was monitored by a thermocouple sliding in an axial sheath. 

With the methanol plants, the ASPEN steady state simulation was used to investigate the performance of the units with changing feedgas composition (H/C ratio and gas calorific valve) prior to startup. Since Synfuels processing fee for turning natural gas into gasoline is set by the yield obtained, the ASPEN simulator provides an important basis for fee determination under gas upset conditions. 

Plant modifications were therefore implemented prior to startup. Based on these modifications and information gained from the models simulating the original method of startup the new anticipated method of startup was devised and multiple quasi steady state conditions developed as follows ... 

The date on which the proposed changes would become effective and, if a temporary change, the date on which the modified process would revert to the original process. If the changes are to be permanent, the Pre-Startup Review procedure should be implemented. Many companies require that the modified process be analyzed for hazards, prior to startup, using a Process Hazards Analysis method that would be consistent with the inherent or demonstrated hazards. 

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