Principal Chemical Legislation also Relevant to Dyes

Finally, ecotoxicological studies, designed to assess the impact of the substance on the environment, include acute toxicity tests to fish, daphnia, and algae and a battery of tests for the biodegradability of the substance and its biological oxygen demand characteristics. 

Registration of a new chemical substance in the USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Korea, China, or the Philippines requires similar comprehensive sets of data, although there are some differences. Obtaining all the data for a full registration can be time-consuming and costly. In 2000 it cost approximately 150 000 to 200 000 and took about two years to register a new substance in Europe. 

To expedite the launch of a new chemical and allow further time to complete the toxicological package for full registration, at first a limited announcement can be filed with a notification time of 30 d. By this procedure, however, not more than 1 t/a of the chemical is allowed to be sold in the EU. 

In the EU and several other countries the legislation regulates the notification of new substances, classification, packaging, labeling and possible prohibition of dangerous substances, the safety of the work place, and the use of chemicals for more sensitive purposes, such as in foodstuffs, drugs, cosmetics, and consumer goods. 

Dyes are affected by numerous regulations, the most important of which are listed in Table 8.5. Since the States of the EU are obliged to implement the EU regulations into national law, with the exception of the German specific regulation on water-endangering classes, national regulations are not listed within the scope of this book. 

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Principal Chemical Legislation also Relevant to Dyes... 

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