Primrose root

Primel, /. primrose, -kratzstoff, m. an unpleasant-tasting substance in primrose root. Primzahl,/. prime number,... 

Figure 49. Identification of primrose root dry extract (DE) using two TLC systems after derivatization with vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent (shots taken in white light)...

Lane 1 authentic primrose root DE, lane 2 primrose root DE to be tested, lane 3 aescin... 

Lane 1 aescin (only for comparison with the DAB system), lane 2 primrose root DE for testing (as in lane 2 above), lane 3 primrose root DE treated using an RP-18 cartridge (suitable for quantitative measurement), lane 4 reference substance primula acid, sodium salt... 

Gallic acid isolated from evening primrose root was reported to be phytotoxic causing ca. 85% inhibition of root growth in germinating wheat seeds at 250 ppm. A fourfold dose resulted in complete inhibition of root growth. " ... 

Dong quai and several other herbal products, including evening primrose oil, passion flowers, sage, valerian root, flaxseed, and wild yam, have not demonstrated efficacy with regard to the relief of vasomotor symptoms, and the safety of these products is also questionable.4,33,35 Therefore, these products should not be recommended for the relief of vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. 

Evening primrose oil, passion flowers, sage, valerian root, and wild yam No demonstrated efficacy Not recommended Caution with all plant products in women with hay fever and plant allergies... 

Features Round, downy stem rising well above the leaves, which lie, rosette-like, on the ground. Leaves grow from the root, stalkless, undivided, velvety appearance similar to primrose leaves, but shorter and rounder. Yellow, tubular flowers bunch together on one stalk, each flower emerging from the same point, outer blossoms drooping. 

An extensive search of all standard references, as well as reports of studies in humans, shows that there have been no case reports of toxic exposure to V. agnus-castus use. However, one case of nocturnal seizures, possibly attributed to V. agnus-castus, has been reported. The patient was taking concomitantly black cohosh root (Cimicifuga racemosa), V. agnus-castus, and evening primrose as well (34). Thus, attribution of effect to a specific agent was not possible. 

C oHjsO,. Mr 476.43, mp. 203-204°C, [a]g -71.5° (H2O). P. is the 2-0-glycoside of methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate with primeverose. P. occurs together with primulaverin (2-O-glycoside of methyl 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzoate with primeverose, C20H28O13, Mr 476.43) in the roots of Primula officinalis and other primrose species. 

B. plants form flowers only in the summer or fall of the second year after sowing/planting. In the first year, b. plants will only form leaves, rosettes or roots (such as - sugar beets, -+evening primrose, carrots). After a temperature shock during the... 

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