Priming compositions lead azide

A general idea of the change in the minimum initiating charge of lead azide-lead styphnate mixtures with their composition is given in Fig. 58 by Grant and Tiffany [40]. The low priming ability of lead styphnate alone is also indicated. 

Primary explosives include mercury fulminate [Hg(ONC)2, melting point 160°C with explosion, density 4.2], lead azide [Pb(N3)2, density 4.0], basic lead styphnate (lead trinitroresorcinate), diazodinitrophenol, and tetrazine (a complex conjugated nitrogen compound, melting point 140 to 160°C with explosion). Most priming compositions consist of mixtures of primary explosives, fuels, and oxidants. 

The product can be obtained by treating 2,4,6-trichloro- 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene with an alkali metal azide in alcoholic solution. It is a lead-free - initiating and powerful explosive and does not produce toxic fumes (- Lead-free Priming Compositions). The product undergoes a slow conversion into hexanitrosobenzene,... 

Eschbach patented priming compositions made by mixing lead azide with lead trinitroresorcinate. Marshall investigated the explosive properties of hexanitrodiphenylamme. 

Uses In commercial priming compositions and blasting caps. In combination with lead azide to facilitate its ignition. 

Uses In priming compositions. In explosives for detonating rivets, in combination with lead azide, for the purpose of reducing the flash point of the latter,... 

Uses Can be used in priming compositions when mixed with lead styphnate or lead azide, explosives compositions with TNT, ammonium nitrate, RDX, HMX, or PETN, and in missile warheads in combination with HNS. PNT can also be used as a filler for rocket propellants as it increases thrust to weight ration. ... 

NMHAN forms creamy-white flat crystals, or rectangular prisms with a melting point of 81 Celsius. It has limited use in explosives, but can be used as a satisfactory substitute for RDX in blasting caps and detonators. NMHAN may demonstrate a usefulness in priming compositions when mixed with lead styphnate or lead azide. It can form stable shock resistant explosives when alloyed with TNT, or other low melting secondary explosives. ... 

DNAN forms colorless crystals with a melting point of 120 Celsius. It is fairly soluble in hot water, hot ethanol, methanol, and acetone. It is less soluble in cold water, cold ethanol, and insoluble in chloroform, benzene, ether, and petroleum ether. DNAN is somewhat hygroscopic, and moisture slowly decomposes it—should be stored in a desiccator. A small sample bums leaving a residue of carbon when ignited—a small sample can be detonated by the blow of a hammer. DNAN can be used in explosive compositions when alloyed with TNT, or other low melting secondary explosives, gun propellants with nitrocellulose, nitro starch, or nitroglycerine, and rocket propellants when mixed with ammonium perchlorate. DNAN also demonstrates usefulness for priming mixtures with lead azide, lead styphnate, or diazodinitrophenol, and for use in fireworks. ... 

SATP forms colorless to white crystals that are stable up to 200 Celsius. The crystals are used as a substitute for lead azide, lead styphnate, or diazodinitrophenol for use in blasting caps and detonators. SATP is also used in place of mercury fulminate for priming compositions for use in bullet primers and the like—SATP is much more stable then lead azide, and it does not require desensitization for safe use. SATP is relatively stable, but it still easily detonates by heat, sparks, or flame and should be handled with care. 

---