Prevention analysis strategies

Various health economic analysis strategies are available to assist in exploring the value of allergy and asthma preventions. Of the various strategies, cost-effectiveness analysis is becoming the leading method. 

The answers to these questions are clearly dependent on the quality of the PIFs in the situation under consideration, for example, labeling or procedures. The consequences of the error, the factors that will support recovery of the error before the consequences occur, and the error prevention strategies will all be considered during the analysis. 

In general, the value of a psychological perspective in incident analysis is that it directs the analyst to search for causes that would not otherwise have been considered. This means that the development of preventative strategies will be better informed. In addition, an evaluation of causes from a psychological perspective can be useful when the "root cause" appears to be an otherwise incomprehensible failure on the part of an individual. A psychological analysis can break the "causal log jam" by providing an explanation. 

This case study illustrates how the methodologies described in Chapter 6 can be used to analyze plant incidents and identify the root causes of the problems. Based on this information, specific error reduction strategies can be developed to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future. Also, the findings of such an analysis can provide the basis for more general discussions about the prevalence of similar error inducing conditions in other plant areas. 

The third step is to proceed to the component level because more than likely, the cause will be uncovered here. Table 62.2 shows machinery component failure modes commonly encountered in machinery failure analysis together with suggested standard life values, Weibull indices (/J), and responsiveness to preventable or predictable maintenance strategies. Referring to this table will help decision-making. To assist the analyst in documenting bad actor failure modes on the component level. 

Making companies prepare plans which focus on safer chemical use has proved particularly successful in the USA. The benefits of mandatory pollution prevention planning have been demonstrated in the state of Massachusetts. Here, over 550 companies had to assess toxic use reduction options with technical help supplied by university and government experts. Toxic use reduction strategies included material substitution and product reformulation. Within ten years, industry has reduced the use of toxic chemicals by 40%, by-product waste by 58% and toxic emissions by 80%. A cost benefit analysis reveals that the same companies saved a total of Saved a total of USD 14 million (Euro 18.76 million) overthis period through the adoption of more efficient and safer processes. The programme is ongoing and has been expanded to community outreach and assessment of substitutes forsome hazardous material flows and products within the state. 

Recent data from a kidney pancreas induction study suggests that 2 doses of Daclizumab (2 mg/kg) at day 0 and day 14 is equivalent to 5 doses of 1 mg/kg every 14 days. (Stratta AJ, Alloway RR, Hodge E et al. A multicenter, open-label, comparative trial of two Daclizumab dosing strategies vs. no antibody induction in combination with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids for the prevention of acute rejection in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplant recipients interim analysis. Clin Transplant 2002 l6(l) 60-8.)... 

Lanas A. Economic analysis of strategies in the prevention of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced complications in the gastrointestinal tract. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 20 321-331. 

To prevent the meta photocycloaddition, the use of rigid face-to-face skeletons is also an effective strategy. Acetone-sensitized excitation of 208 gave only 209 reversibly [262-264] reactions of 210 and 211 gave similar results [265,266] (Scheme 61). X-ray analysis of 210 showed the distance of the aromatic carbons which react is 3.04 A [263],... 

Cost-of-illness analysis involves identifying all the direct and indirect costs of a particular disease or illness from a particular perspective (e.g., patient, payer, or society). This method, often referred to as burden of illness, results in a total cost of a disease that can be compared with the cost of implementing a prevention or treatment strategy. 

---