Prefabricated strips

In spite of the success and wide use, 2D gel is a relatively slow, labor-intensive and cumbersome technique, even with the availability of prefabricated strips for the first dimension (isoelectric focusing) and the pre-cast gels used in the second dimension. Another limitation is its inability to resolve lower abundance (less stable) proteins, membrane proteins, highly acidic or basic proteins, very large or small proteins, and hydrophobic proteins like G-coupled protein receptors with several transmembrane regions. 

Continuous plating of wire and strip is, unlike the preceding techniques, a prefabrication process. The production of tinplate is the largest scale continuous operation, but any electrodeposit may be applied this way. Subsequent fabrication processes arc likely to damage the coating, so that pre-coating is best reserved for ductile coatings which are anodic to the substrate in service, as is the case for tin. 

Fabrlcatlon/assembly of externally wound tubular membrane elements is accomplished by specially designed equipment that simultaneously and continuously winds, in helical fashion. Infinite lengths of membrane and backing material strips onto prefabricated tubular support structures. Membrane strip winding overlaps are solvent bonded during the winding process. 

Prefabricated CFRP L-shaped strip (photo Empa). 

Strips consist of unidirectional fibres in the longitudinal direction of the strips that are embedded in an epoxy matrix (Fig. 4.9). They are produced in a pultrusion process. Furthermore, in addition to strips, prefabricated L-shaped strips are available (Fig. 4.10). They also have fibres only in the longitudinal direction and are embedded in an epoxy matrix. Due to their shape, however, they cannot be produced by pultrusion and therefore require a special production process. 

For shear strengthening, fabrics that are applied on the entire side of the webs, Fig. 4.18, or in the form of sheets with certain spacings, can be used. Prefabricated CFRP L-shaped strips, Figs 4.10 and 4.17, are also an alternative. 

Structural rehabilitation of timber and concrete structures with composite systems can be generally accomplished in one of two ways (Karbhari and Seible, 2000) using wet lay-up or cured in-situ systems, by application of composite overlays, fabrics, sheets or fibre tows (Fig. 22.4) and using systems involving the bond of prefabricated APC materials, such as straight pultruded strips, and factory-made curved or shaped elements (Fig. 22.5). 

In-situ fast curing using heating device. Prefabricated U or L shape strips for shear strengthening, used for slabs/beams or slabs/columns joints (Fig. 22.7(b)). 

Geotextiles in conjunction with a strip drainage core of continuous drainage channels, typically forming prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs)... 

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