Predicting an Average

a researcher is more interested in the average value of x. In this case, the formula for determining x is the same as Equation 2.49  

Let us use Example 2.1 again. Here, the researcher wants to know, on an average, what the 95% confidence interval is for x when y is 4.13 (a 2 logio reduction), x = 48.78 sec, as discussed in the previous section  

Therefore, on an average, the time required to reduce the initial population is between 45.70 and 51.86 sec. For practical purposes, the researcher may round up to a 1 min exposure. 

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Liegeois (71), using 400.0 ml of water, 280.0 gr of VCM, 280.0 mgr of potassium persulphate initiator and 2.5 gr of sodium lauryl sulphate emulsifier at 50°C, measured by electron microscopy PVC latex particle diameters close to 190 A for a conversion level of 24%. The model predicted an average particle diameter equal to 200 A for the same conversion level and for the same experimental conditions. 

Equation (4.11) is a useful form of the Bayesian acceptance-rejection procedure for generalized sensitivity analysis, in that it applies whenever one s model is predicting an average of a measured quantity. 

Pinczewski and Fell [Trans. Inst. Chem Eng., 55, 46 (1977)] show that the velocity at which vapor jets onto the tray sets the droplet size, rather than the superficial tray velocity. The power/mass correlation predicts an average drop size close to that measured by Pinczewski and Fell. Combination of this prediction with the estimated fraction of the droplets entrained gave a relationship for entrainment, Eq. (14-202). The dependence of entrainment with the eighth power of velocity even approximates the observed velocity dependence, as flooding is approached. 

For internal predictability, an average absolute prediction error of less than 10% for both AUC and Cn,ax establishes the predictive abiUty of the IVIVC. In addition, the percent error for each formulation should not exceed 15%. If the above criteria are not met, the IVIVC is declared inconclusive and in this case the evaluation of the external predictability of the IVIVC is required. 

This evaluation may be performed either by use of the same data, as included in the establishment of an IVIVC (internal predictability), or by use of other data sets (external predictability). The criteria for concluding a level A IVIVC in a regulatory context requires, in the case of internal predictability, an average percentage PE of < 10 percent for Cmax and AUC, respectively, and the percentage PE for each formulation regarding these two bioavailability variables should not exceed 15 percent (FDA 1997a). 

The functional unit defined for this study corresponds to the service rendered by the bags - i.e. packing customers purchases in the stores. The hypotheses defined in the context of the study predict an average of 45 visits per year for each customer to the stores, with 200 L of purchases per visit (a trolley filled to 80% capacity), which corresponds to 9,000 L of merchandise per year. The functional unit chosen is therefore package 9,000 L of merchandise in the stores of the Carrefour Group . 

A calculation of the Earth s temperature based on incoming light from the Sun and reradiated heat from Earth predicts an average global temperature about 60°F colder than we actually experience. The reason for this difference is the presence... 

As we have seen, the mixed task m22rO10A has the composition (D,N,N,N). This would predict an average elementar time ET(m22rO10A) = (28+13.5+13.5+ 13.5)/4 = 17. Indeed the chronophoresis of m22rO10A shows a plot P16 (and P22 and P32). These considerations have to be tested with a greater sample. 

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