Acceptance-rejection procedure

Use acceptance-rejection procedure (e.g., Bayes rule) to evaluate predictions consistence with the site-specific model output data... 

Hornberger and Spear s original application of generalized sensitivity analysis (GSA) used a binary acceptance-rejection procedure, i.e., they discarded a Monte Carlo realization if they thought that the prediction was inconsistent with the site-specific data (a nonbehavior ) or kept it if they thought it was consistent (a behavior ). The prior probability on each Monte Carlo realization was the reciprocal of the total number of realizations. After the acceptance-rejection procedure was applied, the updated (posterior) probability on each realization that was classified as a behavior was the reciprocal of the number of behaviors, and the posterior probability on nonbehaviors was zero. 

By Bayes s rule, the posterior probability on a Monte Carlo realization of a model equals the probability of observing the site-specific output data if the realization is correct, times the prior probability that the realization is correct, normalized such that the sum of the posterior probabilities of the Monte Carlo realizations equals 1. In Monte Carlo analysis, all realizations are equally likely (i.e., the pritM probability on each realization of an n-realization Monte Carlo simulation is 1/n). Therefore, the BMC acceptance-rejection procedure boils down to the following The probability that a model realization is correct, given new data, equals the relative likelihood of the having observed the new data if the realization is correct. 

A probabilistic model is available for predicting the average log-tissue residue as a function of the water concentration at the site, and a set of site-specific tissue residue measurements is available. The water concentration to which the fish were exposed is known, so the average log-tissue residue can be predicted with the model. A Monte Carlo simulation will provide a set of equally probable predictions of the average log-tissue residue. The BMC acceptance-rejection procedure then boils down to estimating, for each model prediction, the probability of getting the observed sample average log-tissue residue concentration if the model prediction is correct. 

Equation (4.11) is a useful form of the Bayesian acceptance-rejection procedure for generalized sensitivity analysis, in that it applies whenever one s model is predicting an average of a measured quantity. 

Quality control is concerned with sampling, specifications and testing, and with the procurement agency s documentation and acceptance/rejection procedures which ensure that the necessary and relevant tests are actually carried out and... 

As mentioned above, the accept/reject step has the desirable feature of yielding the exact electron distribution in the limit that the trial function is the exact ground state. However, in practice the trial function is less than perfect and as a consequence the accept/reject procedure can lead to the occurrence of persistent configurations, as we now discuss. 

As described in Section 24.3.4.2, candidates for vertex degrees are sampled in an iid manner, according to the distribution shown in Figure 24.15a. Recall that this is followed by an acceptance-rejection procedure which ensures that the conditions of the Erdos-Gallai theorem are fulfilled. 

The second part of the requirement deals with inspection and test records, which are also covered in clause 4.10.5. The difference between these requirements is that clause 4.10.1 requires you to document the records to be established (in other words define ) in the quality plan or procedures and clause 4.10.5 requires you to produce the records defined in the quality plan or procedures. Your inspection and test procedures therefore need to specify or contain the forms on which you intend to record the results of the inspections and tests performed. The details are covered later in this chapter, but there are two types of record to be considered the record that shows which inspections and tests have been performed and the record that shows the results of these inspections and tests. One may be a route card, shop traveler, or document which acts as both a plan of what to do and a record of the progress made and the other may be a table of results with specified parameters and accept/reject criteria. 

Sec. 820.80 Receiving, in-process, and finished device acceptance - Establish procedures for testing in-coming goods, in-process materials and finished product and maintain records Sec. 820.86 Acceptance status - Disposition of products shall be clearly displayed, e.g. on hold, approved, reject. 

A pharmacopeial general chapter or other pharmacopeial document is harmonized when a pharmaceutical substance or product tested by the document s harmonized procedure yields the same results, and the same accept/reject decision is reached. ... 

When using a fully harmonized pharmacopeial monograph or general chapter, an analyst will perform the same procedures and reach the same accept/reject decisions irrespective of which PDG pharmacopeia is referenced. This approach is called interchangeability, and each pharmacopeia will identify, in an appropriate manner, such a monograph or general chapter. 

There must be a written procedure for the acceptance/rejection of computer hardware/ software that is included in the finished device, and a designated individual(s) must cany out this process. 

The best statistical acceptance/rejection criteria for immunoassay results have proved to be the use of confidence intervals for total measurement error (e.g., including both accuracy and precision) and equivalence testing procedures [15], and a 90% two-sided confidence interval has been proposed for the acceptance of immunoassay data [145]. Recoveries of 70-120% are considered acceptable according to US-EPA guidelines and the maximum permissible level of false negatives is 5% [38]. 

One approach to providing ergodicity to deterministic systems is to introduce random fluctuations via a Monte-Carlo technique [268]. Several Monte-Carlo methods are described in Appendix C. Randomized steps are taken and then an accept-reject mechanism is introduced in order to ensure that the steps are consistent with the canonical distribution. It is possible to combine the Metropolis-Hastings concept with timestepping procedures in a variety of ways, which are often subsumed under the title Monte-Carlo Markov Chain methods , these include... 

The next step was to develop technology to rapidly quantify each such that the load could be accepted/rejected in an acceptable time frame. Kupina (1984) developed a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method that simultaneously quantified each of the msgor metabolites in 11 min. Briefly, the procedure involves chromatographing a composite filtered juice sample on a HPLC column which separates the three components from each other and other matrix compounds. Quantification is accomplished by comparing the component peak areas to those of a standard solution chromatographed in the same way. 

Umpire sample A sample taken, prepared, and stored in an agreed upon manner for the purpose of settling a dispute, arrived at by agreement that will include the test method and procedure, serving as the basis for acceptance, rejection, or economic adjustment. This is sometimes called a referee sample. 

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