Precision highest possible

Compounds XIV - XVII have potential for use in subsequent phosphazane ollgomer/polymer syntheses because of their available functionality. In fact, treatment of XVI with two equivalents of Ph2PCl in the presence of Et3N yields the P(III)-P(V)-P(III) triphosphazane XVIII quantitatively. Compounds XV and XVII are especially interesting because they are A-B type 1,4- stabilized reactive monomers (prepolymers) (14). Because A-B monomers contain both elements of functionality necessary for condensation, precise control of the reactant ratio can be maintained and products with the highest possible molecular weights can be expected (14). 

It is in the nature of people to present results - whatever kind - with the highest possible precision. From this point of view it seems to be unnatural and absurd to collect facts which may decrease the precision and, therefore, the quality of the measured data. However, that is asked of the analyst, not only for the sake of truthfulness but also for responsible comparisons of analytical results with reference values, as will be shown in Sect. 8.2. 

In order to construct a calibration model, the values of the parameters to be determined must be obtained by using a reference method. The optimum choice of reference method will be that providing the highest possible accuracy and precision. The quality of the results obtained with a multivariate calibration model can never exceed that of the method used to obtain the reference values, so the choice should be carefully made as the quality of the model will affect every subsequent prediction. The averaging of random errors inherent in regression methods can help construct models with a higher precision than the reference method. 

Besides the two mentioned properties, an optimization parameter should also be statistically effective. This response property is brought down to the choice of optimization parameter with the highest possible precision of determination. When this response precision is insufficient, the number of trials is increased. 

In summary, from the simplest nucleotide substitution to the complex whole-genome analysis, Genomics has developed tools which discover and measure to the highest precision any possible alteration of genomes, transcrip-tomes, or epigenomes, making available an invaluable tool to explain and eventually find a way to treat cancer. 

The D-optimal design minimizes the volume of the confidence ellipsoid of the regression coefficients. This means that the regression coefficients obtained from D-optimal designs are determined with the highest possible precision. 

The pycnometer should be weighed empty and dry (W), and also with distilled water in it (Hq), as well as with each of the solutions in it (H). It is advisable to redetermine and Hg as a check, inasmuch as the results of all runs depend on them. All weighings are to be done on an analytical balance to the highest possible precision. 

After the powder diffraction pattern has been successfully indexed, the next step is to establish the unit cell dimensions with the highest possible precision. By combining Eqs. 5.2 and 5.3 one can see that the errors in the lattice parameters only depend on the errors in the measured Bragg angles assuming that Miller indices and A, are known exactly ... 

The dependence of ad on Bragg angle for several constant ad is shown in Figure 5.18, which clearly illustrates that to achieve maximum absolute precision in the lattice parameters it is necessary to collect powder diffraction data at the highest possible Bragg angles. 

But first we might ask what sort of precision is possible with such methods Without any extrapolation or any particular attention to good experimental technique, simply by selection of the parameter calculated for the highest-angle line on the pattern, we can usually obtain a precision of 0.01 A. Since the lattice parameters of most substances of metallurgical interest are in the neighborhood of 3 to 4 A, this represents a precision of about 0.3 percent. With good experimental technique and the use of the proper extrapolation function, this precision can be... 

The comb of equally spaced (in cm-1) transmission maxima from an etalon is useful as relative frequency markers to linearize the scan of a tunable laser. This makes it possible to interpolate between irregularly distributed absolute frequency standard lines (e.g., atomic lines, Fourier Transform Spectrometric Atlases of Molecular I2, Br2, Te2, and small polyatomic molecules) and to measure frequency separations between features in the spectrum being recorded. Pattern recognition methods, such as Loomis-Wood (see Section 1.1.4) and searches for repeated combination differences, work best when applied to spectra in which the frequency separations between lines are determined at the highest possible precision (better than 1/10 the average line spacing). 

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