Pre-First World War

Pre-First World War, the distribution of the backgrounds of women students at provincial universities also differed substantially from those at Oxbridge, as Julie Gibert reported ... 

Before reviewing their careers, it is important to see how life changed for women from the pre-First World War period of the pioneers to the interwar generation. 

The origins of Austrian and German modernist culture lie in the traditionally hierarchical, superficially stable pre-First World War society of the Habsburg and Wilhelmine Empires with their semi-autocratic political systems, within which however were fermenting the social divisions and conflicts described by Lynn Abrams in chapter 2. While admittedly some of... 

These drugs were developed from mustard gas used during the First World War. In addition to bone marrow suppression they cause pulmonary toxicity, that can lead to fibrosis and death. The fibrosis, which is not reversible, can be detected by pulmonary function studies, which should be included in the pre-operative evaluation of patients receiving these drugs. 

More money was needed but this was only made available after the German invasion of Poland in September 1939. The main problem in the pre-war planning period was that those entrusted with the planning had made some incorrect assumptions. They assumed that mobilisation would be slow and orderly, apparently forgetting the chaotic mobilisation of the First World War. 

Unprecedented destruction was an inevitable result of this new war of materiel. By the end of November 1914, the war had seen the end of pre-war sttategic assumptions based on men and mobility. The Western Front had become a warren of trenches and obstacles, with armies reduced to deadlock and stalemate. Innovations in weapons were driven by tactical necessities. New weapons systems dominated the terrain. Above all, there was the artillery, as Strachan has put it, In the First World War, the artillery was the agent of industrial and social mobilization . While... 

The chronology of the development of nuclear reactors can be divided into several principal periods pre-1939, before fission was discovered (12) 1939—1945, the time of World War II (13—15) 1945—1963, the era of research, development, and demonstration (16—18) 1963—mid-1990s, during which reactors have been deployed in large numbers throughout the world (10,18) and extending into the twenty-first century, a time when advanced power reactors are expected to be built (19—23). Design of nuclear reactors has been based on a combination of theory, measurement of basic and derived parameters, and experiments with complete systems (24—27). 

Table 4.1 and Table 4.2 show a summary of the weed and insect treatments advocated by several popular lawn care guides that we reviewed from the years 1891 through 1973. Several things are apparent. First, lawn care practices were relatively uniform before 1945, and depended on familiar strategies that changed little during this early period. In particular, all guides from the pre-World War... 

The performance of the British army in the Second World War has been criticised on two broad grounds first, its tactical doctrine second, its equipment. According to Elizabeth Kier, defeat by the Germans in 1940 was the result of the British army s defensive doctrine, whereby superior firepower was a pre-condition of manoeuvre, the purpose of tanks was to support the infantry, and the mobile or armoured division... 

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