Practical approach to experimental impedance data collection and analysis

Practical approach to experimental impedance data collection and analysis 

EIS is not a technique that can be applied without prior knowledge of an analyzed system s chemical, physical, mechanical, and electrical characteris- 

When analyzing the impedance data, it is essential to start the analysis at the highest available frequency and determine all loading components sequentially as the frequency decreases. The low-frequency impedance data will contain the contributions from all components of the circuit appearing at the higher frequencies. The particular lower-frequency impedance component of interest can be properly analyzed only after all higher-frequency contributions are carefully subtracted from the total measured impedance. 

After the cable loads contributions are assessed, the bulk-media impedance evaluation should be taken as the next analysis step. EIS analysis 

Such initial experimental and data-assessment procedures should be supported by a series of measurements at different potentials, temperatures, concentrations, and convections, with the data to be combined with the error analysis. After the data is acquired, it can be initially represented by an equivalent circuit, physical, or continuum level model that is consistent with physical and chemical information and is comparable to previously published EIS and other analytical results on identical or at least similar systems. The preliminary selection of the data representation, such as complex impedance, modulus, and phase- angle notations, is often helpful, as quite often some of these graphic notations are more informative than others. 

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