Powders, test methods thermal analysis

Methods for the testing of polymer powders have been reviewed by Chambers [116] and Klaren [117] and are listed in Table 18.4. With the exception of particle size distribution (Chapter 19) and thermal analysis measurements (by differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermal analysis) none of these tests requires commercially produced equipment, i.e., they are simple laboratory tests. Full ASTM test specifications for polymer powders are described in ASTM D3451 [118]. Brief comments on the various tests on powders included in Table 18.4 are given below. 

Bone samples may have bar, flakes, wire or powder form. After physical size, the form of the sample ranks second among the parameters that influence the thermal analysis curves. For most thermal analysis methods, dense powders or small-sized disks are preferred as testing samples. Samples to be analyzed are often cut into thin disks with sizes adapted to the measurement holder. The cutting method choice is also important the avoidance of inducing plastic deformation of the sample is always recommended. 

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