Potassium-ion conductor

Quite a large variety of interesting fast lithium-ion solid conductors is now known, as compiled in Fig. 9 and Table 1. In the case of sodium- and potassium-ion conductors only the / / / " -alumina fam-... 

Figure 10. Practically useful solid sodium-and potassium-ion conductors [4, 20).

KTiOAsOd. (KTA). Recent work on KTA shows a significant enhancement of the nonlinear optic and electro-optic coefficients versus those of KTP. (3 8) KTA is isostructural to KTP (39) and is also a 1-dimensional potassium ion conductor in the z-direction. KTA crystals have been grown using the flux technique. 

Quite a large variety of interesting fast lithium-ion solid conductors is now known, as compiled in Figure 19.9 and Table 19.1. In the case of sodium-and potassium-ion conductors only the /l/)3"-alumina family, and for sodium the NASICON structure, were considered for practical application, due to the high ionic conductivities of these materials which are unmatched by any other sodium- or potassium-ion conductor. However, for 73/73"-alumina, NASICON and structurally related ionic conductors, the ionic conductivities and activation enthalpies are... 

In the case of potassium, a large number of very fast ion conductors [4] and very fast insertion/extraction materials, such as the potassium hexacyanoferrates, are... 

It is also noteworthy that the ionic conductivity of a simple mixture of PEO and alkali metal salt was improved 10 to 100 times by employing larger cations such as sodium or potassium ions [17], whereas numerous lithium cation conductors are known to date. The improved ionic conductivity is attributed to the weaker... 

An electrochemical cell consists of two conductors called electrodes, each of which is immersed in an electrolyte solution. In most of the cells that will be of interest to us, the solutions surrounding the two electrodes are different and must be separated to avoid direct reaction between the reactants. The most common way of avoiding mixing is to insert a salt bridge, such as that shown in Figure 18-2, between tire solutions. Conduction of electricity from one electrolyte solution to the other then occurs by migration of potassium ions m the bridge in one direction and chloride ions in the other. However, direct contact between copper metal and silver ions is prevented. 

Thermodynamic equilibria are also of principal importance, if one wishes to determine carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide with carbonates or sulfates which show conductance for sodium or potassium ions. It is not the ion migrating through the solid, but the electrochemical equilibrium between molecules in the gas phase, particles in the solid electrolyte and electrons in the electrical conductor that determine the electrode potential utilizable in sensors. 

High-energy batteries with a lithium anode are classified < with regard to the type of their ionic conductor. This can be a fast solid Li -ion conductor, a fused lithium salt, a lithium-potassium-salt eutectic mixture, or a non-aqueous lithium salt solution. If inorganic solvents are used, e.g. SOj, SOClj, SOjClj, the solvent itself is the depolarizer and then a solid catalytic electrode is needed, e.g. carbon. The type of ionic conductor determines the internal resistance of the cell and the working temperature range and hence the possible technical applications. 

The phenomenological description of the excitability phenomenon given in Section 1.3 cannot claim to contain a final solution to the problem of the nature of transport systems of biological membranes responsible for nervous impuse generation. Where we stand, we can only conclude that the membrane as a whole is a nonlinear ion conductor whose properties are largely dependent upon the electrice field. For all that, the fact that the use of certain specific blocking compounds—tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium—allows the sodium and potassium ionic currents to be separated is alone sufficient to support the conception of selective transport systems located in the lipid matrix... 

Like RbAg I potassium silver iodide is a silver ion conductor. The working electrode was of the point type.An iodine atmosphere was maintained over the electrolyte. It was obtained by flushing an argon flow over thermostated so 1 id iodine. Iodine pressure varied from 10 to 10 " atm. 

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