Potassium ethoxide

A solution of potassium ethoxide in ethanol was prepared by adding 4.0 g of... 

Cyclohexyl bromide Potassium ethoxide Cyclohexene Ethanol... 

Ethyl Vinyl Ether. The addition of ethanol to acetylene gives ethyl vinyl ether [104-92-2] (351—355). The vapor-phase reaction is generally mn at 1.38—2.07 MPa (13.6—20.4 atm) and temperatures of 160—180°C with alkaline catalysts such as potassium hydroxide and potassium ethoxide. High molecular weight polymers of ethyl vinyl ether are used for pressure-sensitive adhesives, viscosity-index improvers, coatings and films lower molecular weight polymers are plasticizers and resin modifiers. 

Ethyl oxalylsuccinate has been prepared by the condensation of ethyl oxalate with ethyl succinate in the presence of sodium ethoxide or of potassium ethoxide. The method described above is somewhat more convenient, and has given a higher yield of a better product, than one based upon sodium ethoxide, submitted by A. E. Martell and R. M. Herbst. 

The stereoselectivity of elimination of 5-bromononane on treatment with potassium ethoxide was described in Section 5.14. Draw Newman projections or make molecular models of 5-bromononane showing the conformations that lead to c -4-nonene and tra i-4-nonene, respectively. Identify the proton that is lost in each case, and suggest a mechanistic explanation for the observed stereoselectivity. 

Nevertheless, the adjacent position of the amide and acetylenic groups was used in another type of heterocyclization. The nitrogen atom in the amide group is a weak nucleophile. Therefore, the N anion should be generated by potassium ethoxide. There are two possible variants of nucleophilic addition to the triple bond. Only one takes place, i.e., the formation of y-lactam. After 7 h of heating in EtOH in the presence of KOH, amide 72 isomerized into the known isoindoline 73 in 80% yield (Scheme 128). 

Base-induced eliminative ring fission, in which both the double bond and the sulfone function take part, has been observed in thiete dioxides253. The reaction can be rationalized in terms of initial Michael-type addition to the double bond of the ring vinyl sulfone, followed by a reverse aldol condensation with ring opening. The isolation of the ether 270c in the treatment of 6c with potassium ethoxide (since the transformation 267 -> 268 is not possible in this case) is in agreement with the reaction mechanism outlined in equation 101253. 

Ethyl o-nitrophenylpyruvate and o-nitrophenylpyruvic acid 14-21 have been prepared by condensation of o-nitrotoluene with diethyl oxalate in the presence of potassium ethoxide,4 14 sodium ethoxide,16-20 or sodium methoxide.21 Sodium ethoxide is less reactive, however, and cannot be substituted successfully for potassium ethoxide in the present procedure, as it gives a very poor yield and poor quality of precipitated sodium salt. With sodium ethoxide the reaction does not appear to go to completion even under the conditions of refluxing ethanol usually employed,16-21 which are considerably more severe than the room temperature conditions employed with potassium ethoxide in the present procedure. o-Nitrophenylpyruvic add has also been prepared by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of o-nitro-a-acetamino-dnnamic azlactone.4... 

Potassium cyanide, reaction with N,N-dimethylaminomethyl ferrocene methiodide to yield ferrocenyl-acetonitrile, 40, 45 Potassium ethoxide for conversion of... 

The advantages of this procedure over the earlier version are the use of sodium ethoxide instead of potassium ethoxide and better reproducibility. 

Quinudidone hydrochloride has been prepared by intramolecular condensation of l-carbethoxymethyl-4-carbethoxypiperidine with potassium 6-8 or, as in the present procedure, with potassium ethoxide.9 l-Carbethoxymethyl-4-carbethoxypiperidine has been prepared by alkylating ethyl hexahydroisonicotinate with ethyl chloroacetate 8 or by the present method.7... 

Bis(2,4-pentanedionato)chromium, 3326 Molybdenum hexamethoxide, 2596 Potassium /er/-butoxide, 1650 Potassium ethoxide, 0861 Potassium methoxide, 0450... 

Ruthenium(III) catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of butanoic and 2-methylpropanoic acid in aqueous sulfuric acid. ° Studies of alkaline earth (Ba, Sr) metal alkoxides in amide ethanolysis and of alkali metal alkoxide clusters as highly effective transesterification catalysts were covered earlier. Kinetic studies of the ethanolysis of 5-nitroquinol-8-yl benzoate (228) in the presence of lithium, sodium, or potassium ethoxide revealed that the highest catalytic activity is observed with Na+.iio... 

Ethers can be prepared by refluxing a haloalkane with an alkoxide (see p. 56). For example, ethoxyethane is made by heating chloroethane with a solution of potassium ethoxide in ethanol. 

Alkaline nitration with alkoxide bases and nitrate esters was first explored by Endres and Wislicenus who synthesized phenylnitromethane by treating ethyl phenylacetate with potassium ethoxide in ethanol, followed by addition of ethyl nitrate and hydrolysis-decarboxylation of the resulting a-nitroester with aqueous acid. Phenylnitromethane is synthesized in a similar way via alkaline nitration of benzyl cyanide, followed by treatment of the resulting a -nitronitrile with aqueous base. ° Wieland and co-workers used alkali metal alkoxides and nitrate esters for the nitration of cyclic ketones but the yields and purity of product are often poor. ° ... 

Reactions are very dependent on the nature of the base and the reaction conditions used, for example, reaction of 1,1,1-trinitroethane with aqueous potassium hydroxide, or hydroxylamine in methanolic potassium methoxide, gives high yields of potassium 1,1-dinitroethane. ° However, reaction of 1,1,1-trinitroethane with potassium ethoxide, potassium methoxide and ethanolic potassium cyanide is reported to give 2,2-dinitroethylether, methyl-2,2-dinitroethylether and 3,3-dinitropropionitrile respectively, all in approximately 80 % yield via the 1,4-addition of ethoxide, methoxide and cyanide anion to 1,1-dinitroethene respectively. ... 

Vinyl ethyl ether is obtained by the ethanolysis of acetylene in the presence of potassium ethoxide. 

Fluorouracil Fluorouracil, 4-fluorouracil (30.1.3.3), is made by condensing the ethyl ester of fluoroacetic acid with ethylformate in the presence of potassium ethoxide, forming hydroxy-methylenfluoroacetic ester (30.3.1), which cyclizes by reacting it with S-methyl-isothiourea to 2-methylthio-4-hydroxy-5-fluoropyrimidine, which is subsequently hydrolyzed by hydrochloric acid to fluorouracil (30.1.3.3) [21,22]. An alternative method of synthesizing... 

The Neber rearrangement was discovered in 1926 during the investigation of the Beckmann rearrangement. It was reported that treatment of ketoxime tosylate 517 with potassium ethoxide followed by acetic and hydrochloric acid produced a-amino ketones 518 (equation 231). 

Potassium liberates hydrogen from ethanol forming potassium ethoxide 2K + 2C2H5OH 2C2H5OK + H2... 

Being formally a derivative of carbonic acid, 4,5-bis(ethylenedithio)-l,3-dithiol-2-one 188 is opened into the dipotassium salt 192 by the action of potassium ethoxide in THF (Equation 20) <1974JOC511>. 

Amino-4-cyano-3-cyanomethylpyrazole (19) reacts with acetylacetone in the presence of potassium ethoxide to yield a mixture of the pyrazolo-[1,5-fl]pyrimidine 20 and the pyrazolo[l,5-a]pyridine 21 (59JA2452). 

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