Potamopyrgus antipodarum

Golding LA, Timperley MH, Evans CW. 1997. Non-lethal responses of the freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum to dissolved arsenic. Environ Monit Assess 47 239-254. 

Jensen A, Forbes VE, Parker ED. 2001. Variation in cadmium uptake, feeding rate, and life-history effects in the gastropod Potamopyrgus antipodarum linking toxicant effects on individuals to the population level. Environ Toxicol Chem 20 2503-2513. 

Schmitt, C., Oetken, M., Dittbemer, O., Wagner, M., Oehbnarm, J. Endocrine modulation and toxic effects of two commonly used UV screens on the aquatic invertebrates Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Lumbriculus variegatus. Environ. Pollut. 152, 322-329 (2008)... 

For the laboratory experiments the rams-horn snail M. comuarietis and the ovovivipar-ous snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum were considered as freshwater species, and two marine prosobranchs - the netted whelk Nassarius reticulatus and the dog whelk Nucella lapillus - were additionally employed. N. reticulatus, as a typical sediment-living species, was exposed via artificial sediments, while the three other prosobranchs were exposed via water. 

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