Porcelainized stoneware

From the lifetime cycle of a MSWI plant of about 30-40 years it is obvious that at least in the next two decades conventional MSWI BA will remain the dominant residue. In some European countries (e.g., The Netherlands, Germany, or France) legislation allows MSW BA to be used as secondary raw material, mainly for road construction. Some investigations proposed the use of MSW BA in concrete or other cementitious products (e.g., Targan et al. 2002) or as sintering promoters in porcelainized stoneware (Barbieri et al. 2002). 

Porcelainized stoneware containing up to 20 wt% of bottom ash and fired using a laboratory thermal cycle simulating industrial conditions shows a good mineralogical, thermal. 

Hernandez-Crespo, M. S. Rincon, J. Ma. 2001. New porcelainized stoneware materials obtained by recycling of MSW incinerator fly ashes and granite sawing residues. Ceramic International, 27, 713-720. 

Porcelain Stoneware, containing plastic clay from the Palatinate and from Vallendar, with ground quartz and hono ashes. The glazo free from lead and composed of borax, alkali, and felspar. 

The ratio of Young s elasticity modulus to tensile strength is an approximate measure of brittleness of various materials. According to this criterion, glass is more brittle than porcelain, stoneware or concrete. In practice, brittleness is assessed according to impact strength. 

A. Tucci, L. Esposito, E. Rastelli, C. Palmonari, E. Rambaldi, M.E. Tyrell and A.H. Goode, Use of soda-lime scrap-glass as a fluxing agent in a porcelain stoneware tile mix, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 24, 83-92 (2004). 

Granito. The Italian word meaning granite applied to a vitrified porcelain-stoneware tile body. 

Constructional ceramics (Porcelain/Stoneware/Earthenware) Ceramics—f Natural ceramics (Rocks)... 

DON 99] DONDI M., ERCOLANI G., MELANDRI C., MINGAZZINI C. and MARSIGLl M., The chemical composition of porcelain stonewares tiles and its influence on microstructural and mechanical properties ,Interceram, vol. 48, p. 75-83,1999. 

E. Rambddi, W.M. Cai, A. Tucd and L. Esposito, Using Waste Glass as a Partial Flux Substitution and Pyroplastic Deformation of a Porcelain Stoneware Hie Body" Ceramics International 33, 727-733,2007. 

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