Population level effects gene frequencies

Zaiou M, Visvikis S, Gueguen R, Parra HJ, Fruchart JC, Siest G. DNA polymorphisms of human apolipoprotein A-IV gene Frequency and effects on lipid, lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels in a French population. Clin Genet. 1994, 46 248-254. 

Considerable heterogeneity has been demonstrated with respect to average plasma Lp(a) levels in different ethnic groups. These differences cannot be entirely explained by differences in allele frequencies that exist between these groups [i.e., are not entirely due to allele-specific effects on Lp(a) concentrations] (M13, S3, S4). Interestingly, in the Sudanese population, Lp(a) levels are primarily (81%) determined by factors other than the size of the apo(a) allele, while in the Malay population, only 23% of the variation in Lp(a) levels could not be accounted for by size differences in the gene (S3). In Caucasians, it has previously been reported that 40-70% of the variance in Lp(a) levels can be... 

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