Population kinetics

This work was partially supported by Grant NIH P41-001975, Facility for Population Kinetics. ... 

Paolo Vicini, Resource Facility for population kinetics. Room 241 AERL Building, Depatment of Bioengineering, Box 352255, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2255, USA. (vicini u.washington.edu). 

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model using nonlinear, mixed-effects model in two compartment, best described time course of concentration strong correlation with creatinine clearance predicted concentration at the efi ect site and in reduction of heart rate during atrial fibrillation using population kinetic approach... 

The answer is a technique called population kinetics. In this, blood samples are taken on a few occasions, carefully timed in relation to the previous drug dose, in as big a population as can be observed. The blood samples may be obtained at widely different time points after dosing and ah are analyzed for drug concentration. The next step is a statistical treatment of the results which makes the assumption that ah the patients belong to one big, if variable, population. A spread of data points is obtained over the dose interval and one gigantic curve of concentration-time relationships created. If the population is big enough, the mathematics iron out any awkward individuals whose data do not tit the overall pattern and from this derived curve the kinetic parameters we have been discussing can be deduced. 

Population kinetics exploits these resemblances and, by using very large numbers of samples, smooths out some of the differences that do exist. The development of this technique has enabled us to have data to guide our prescribing even where it would be unethical or simply impossible to get the same data from the rigorous investigation of a much more limited number of people. 

Information on cell and population kinetics of cancer cells explains, in part, the limited effectiveness of most available anticancer drugs. A schematic summary of cell cycle kinetics is presented in Figure 54-2. This information is relevant to the mode of action, indications, and scheduling of cell cycle-specific (CCS) and cell cycle-nonspecific (CCNS) drugs. Agents falling into these two major classes are summarized in Table 54-1. 

The effect of temperature on the cell population kinetics of Diphyllobothrium latum and D. osmeri has also been examined. In a mara-... 

Kawamura T, Nishimura H, Koike F, Ochi Y, Matsui R, Miao WY, Okihara S, Sakabe S, Uschmann I, Forster E, Mima K (2002) Population kinetics on K-alpha lines of partially ionized Cl atoms. Phys Rev E 66 061401- L j8... 

The knowledge of population kinetic parameters has been proved important, and up to the present, the population approach has had a wide spectrum of applications ... 

State selective dielectronic recombination rate coefficients from Li-like ions to Be-like ions (C, O, Ne, Fe ions) and for carbon L-shell ions have been calculated [10-13]. These data are used to develop collisional-radiative models including dielectronic recombination to excited states [14-17]. The population kinetics of L-shell ions and atoms have been developed and their results have been applied to plasma diagnostics. 

Then, the population kinetics can be written with respect to the mapping time n ... 

Beal SL, Sheiner LB. Estimating population kinetics. CRC Crit Rev Biomed Eng 1982 8 195-222. 

Application of Sparse Sampling and Population Kinetic Methods... 

There have been attempts to study the pharmacokinetics of macromolecules by applying the sparse sampling strategy and population kinetic methods described in Chapter 10 (36, 77). In one study, erythropoietin was administered SC to 48 healthy adult male... 

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